houstonia caerulea medicinal useshoustonia caerulea medicinal uses

VT. Fields, lawns, roadsides, forests, clearings, ledges, open gravel, stream banks, sometimes ascending high into the mountains. Anyone who logs many miles on the highway in May most likely has spotted it growing in masses, looking ever so much like sugar that some passing giant has spilled. Our new book to be released soon is Edible Shrubs. Part 4. There are several other species of bluets that also grow within parts of eastern North America, but common bluet is arguably the most widespread and common species overall. donations to help keep this site free and up to date for Required fields are marked *. unintentionally); has become naturalized. minima Hedyotis caerulea (Linnaeus) Hooker, var. Want more Backyard Ecology? The extract (250mg/kg, p.o.) Common bluets grow naturally in open woods with somewhat moist, usually slightly acidic soils. See above for USDA hardiness. If you have questions about a plant please use the Forum on this website as we do not have the resources to answer questions ourselves. Book titles include Edible Plants, Edible Perennials, Edible Trees, and Woodland Gardening. Houstonia species have sometimes been placed in thegenusHedyotis. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Becoming a contributing member of Gardenia is easy and can be done in just a few minutes. Bearing the common name "bluets" or "Quaker ladies," Houstonia caerulea is a common flower along sunny roadsides. Houstonia_caerulea is a PERENNIAL growing to 0.1 m (0ft 4in) by 0.1 m (0ft 4in) at a fast rate. Materials and methods: image, please click it to see who you will need to contact. faxonorum Phonetic Spelling hoos-TOH-nee-uh see-ROO-lee-uh Description Bluet is a herbaceous perennial wildflower that may grow to a height of 6 inches. Medicinal source: azure bluet: Other Native American Ethnobotany (Moerman, 1998) Part(s) of plant used: Drug form: . Full Sun or Partial Shade. DACF Home In the wild, Houstonia caerulea thrives among mosses in light shade under tall oak trees. state and federal - and the rank (S and G Ranks) for Azure Bluets Passiflora incarnata L.: ethnopharmacology, clinical application, safety and evaluation of clinical trials. Publications. Maine populations although apparently persistent are not large and the plants tend to be small. General name: tokiwanazuna (Tokiwa drink), scientific name:Houstonia caerulea, also known as:Bluets, azure bluet, Tokiwanazuna, Houstonia, Houstonia caerulea, Origin: North America, the environment of wetland, living type: perennials, tree height: 5-15 cm, leaf: fall lanceolate, leaf length:0.5~1cm, inflorescences form: solitary, petal color: IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status : Growth: S = slow M = medium F = fast. Genus Notes: Based on available data, Stenaria is not amply distinct from Houstonia (Church 2003; Groeninckx et al. It is native to eastern Canada (Ontario to Newfoundland) and the eastern United States (Maine to Wisconsin, south to Florida and Louisiana, with scattered populations in Oklahoma). Source: Wikipedia. Torr. Document Viewers - including PDF and Word. Anti-inflammatory; Antioxidant activity; Antispasmodic; Histological study; Passiflora caerulea; Ulcerative colitis model. H. caerulea f. caerulea. Houstonia caerulea Azure bluet Robert W. Freckmann Key Characteristics Delicate perennial forb (60 cm) of moist meadows; leaves lanceolate, widest above the middle; flowers tubular, light blue with a yellow center. Groundcover. Plant seeds outside as soon as ripe or store, stratify and sow in the spring. A low creeping mat of tiny green leaves. We are currently updating this section. Poiretia erecta J.F.Gmel. Houstonia caerulea Common Name (s): Azure Bluet Bluets Common Bluets Innocence Quaker Ladies Previously known as: Hedyotis caerulea Houstonia caerulea var. Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so its worth checking. You will receive a range of benefits including: Fax: (207) 287-2400 a sighting. This table lists the ecological landscape association scores for Azure Bluets. [1] It is native to eastern Canada ( Ontario to Newfoundland) and the eastern United States ( Maine to Wisconsin, south to Florida and Louisiana, with scattered populations in Oklahoma ). For details, please check with your state. Synonyms. J Integr Med. Anotis coerulea (L.) G.Don. [3] It is found in a variety of habitats such as cliffs, alpine zones, forests, meadows and shores of rivers or lakes. Scoggan, H. J. Propagate by seeds or root division. & Gray; Hedyotis purpurea (L.) Torr. Range: Maine to Saskatchewan, south to Georgia, Oklahoma. To use the website as intended please faxonorum Pease & A.H.Moore. Scientific name: Houstonia caerulea L. Common name (s): azure bluet, little bluet, Quaker ladies Links: USDA PLANTS Profile , NPIN Profile, Go Botany Images: (to see enlargements [PC]: click on image, then right click and choose "view image") early emergence late April June clumping growth habit variations in flower color leaf detail Description: Bluet is a herbaceous perennial wildflower that may grow to a height of 6 inches. Stay informed about PFAFs progress, challenges and hopes by signing up for our free email ePost. The book suggests that community and small-scale food forests can provide a real alternative to intensive industrialised agriculture, and help to combat the many inter-related environmental crises that threaten the very future of life on Earth. Always seek advice from a professional before using a plant medicinally.None known. In the present study, the activity of the ethanolic extract of P. caerulea on an experimental colitis model related to inflammatory bowel disease has been investigated. As with that species, normally a few dozen plants can grow in a small patch of ground. The website also provides access to a database and images of plants photos and herbarium specimens found at participating herbaria. Disclaimer. (Houstonia caerulea). The phytochemical analysis was performed. Edible Parts: FlowersLeavesEdible Uses: Raw; Leaves. in part by the National Science Foundation. in 20 years). To leave a comment please Register or login here All comments need to be approved so will not appear immediately. Blooming occurs late April through early July; fruiting occurs late May through early August. ; tenuifolia (Nutt.) Accessed: 07-Oct-06. Nova Scotian Inst. RI, Ethnopharmacological relevance: Avoid locating landings, staging areas, or access routes in open sandy areas dominated by native grasses. evidence (herbarium specimen, photograph). It focuses on the attributes of plants suitable for food forests, what each can contribute to a food forest ecosystem, including carbon sequestration, and the kinds of foods they yield. Flower Close-up (Haywood County, NC)-Spring. Hedyotis caerulea (L.) Hook. ReferencesCarbon Farming Information andCarbon Sequestration Information. The common bluet, Houstonia caerulea, found growing on lawns, has flowers that have a yellow center and horizontally spreading corolla lobes. Synonyms: Hedyotis longifolia (Gaertn.) "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin", "Houstonia caerulea (little bluet): Go Botany", Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Houstonia_caerulea&oldid=1148812520, Flora without expected TNC conservation status, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 8 April 2023, at 14:03. When it comes to incorporating common bluets into your yard, you may get lucky and have them just appear. I love the fact that this is a native wildflower where that is possible, as is evidenced by all the places you can find them growing where they obviously werent planted. As this is a work in progress, we welcome your suggestions and feedback. In all of these cases, the bluets would have come in on their own and established themselves naturally. Hedyotis brachiata Miq. Moisture: D = dry M = Moist We = wet Wa = water. induced a significant reduction in the weight/length ratio, the macroscopic lesion score, TBARS levels and the microscopic tissue damage when compared with the acetic acid-treated group of animals. The two stem leaves are much smaller than the basal leaves. Houstonia caerulea is an evergreen alpine with tiny dark green leaves. & Gray var. those considered historical (not seen in 20 years). glabra Terrell; Houstonia longifolia Gaertn. form a strategic partnership called N.C. Houstonia longifolia: stem leaf blades broad-linear to narrow-oblong, 2-5 mm wide, narrowed to the base, and sepals mostly 1.5-2.5 mm long at anthesis (vs. H. purpurea, with stem leaf blades broad-lanceolate to narrow-oblong, mostly 5-12 mm wide, rounded at the base, and sepals 3-6 mm long at anthesis). New York Metropolitan Flora database. Ageratum, Bluemink, Floss Flower, Garden. If you think a comment/link or information contained on this page is inaccurate or misleading we would welcome your feedback at admin@pfaf.org. Rhode Island. CT, MA, ME, Soil pH: Neutral to Acid. Diarrhoea was induced by the administration of castor oil (0.3mL/mouse). Native to eastern and central North America. H. linnaei Michx. These flowers are four-parted with pale blue petals and a yellow center. 1954. See above for USDA hardiness. var. Moreover, the P. caerulea extract antagonized the jejunum contractions induced by Ach (Emax for 0.3mg/mL: 76.25%; Emax for 1mg/mL: 63.47%; Emax for 3mg/mL: 42.01%) and CaCl2 (Emax for 0.3mg/mL: 75.69%; Emax for1 mg/mL: 56.1%; Emax for 3mg/mL: 53.4%). To create additional collections, you must be a paid member of our site. Ecological characteristics: Usually found growing in slight cracks or depressions on rivershore ledges. Curr Pharm Des. H. caerulea var. ex Hook.f. Type a value in the Celsius field to convert the value to Fahrenheit: Plants For A Future have a number of books available in paperback and digital form. HOCA4. Native Plant Trust or respective copyright holders. Shade: F = full shade S = semi-shade N = no shade. They are also a great addition to wildflower gardens, coastal gardens, woodland gardens, or cottage gardens. Houstonia caerulea is a PERENNIAL growing to 0.1 m (0ft 4in) by 0.1 m (0ft 4in) at a fast rate. Photo use. You can unsubscribe at anytime. It is hardy to UK zone 4. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. The entire plant typically doesnt get much more than about 6-inches tall, and they tend to grow in small clumps. Survey for and control invasive plants prior to conducting timber operations, as these can be spread by vehicles and often respond vigorously to increased light; see forestry BMPs for invasive species. An important new book from PFAF. Department of Agriculture, Conservation & Forestry Aim of the study: In the present study, the activity of the ethanolic extract of P. caerulea on an experimental colitis model related to inflammatory bowel disease has been . 2021;27(22):2582-2604. doi: 10.2174/1381612826666200526150113. Houstonia caerulea var. NH, "Mountain bluets" means Centaurea montana. to exist in the state, but not documented to a county within The bluet (Houstonia spp.) minima (L. C. Beck) Fosberg, Castanea 19: 31. Avoid known individual plant locations and conduct operations elsewhere when they are least likely to cause damage. Also, tokiwanazuna is also known as Iberia's, is hard to understand. This is an easy rock garden plant for acidic conditions, where it will even self-sow. P. caerulea showed anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrhoeal and spasmolityc activities on preclinical models. This wildflower has shallow fibrous roots and slender rhizomes, forming charming tufts of flowering plants. More Contacts, Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation & Forestry. The table below provides information about the protected status - post * Important announcements and news New York Metropolitan Flora Project, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, New York. Divide the rootball. I often see common bluets growing in old cemeteries, semi-shaded parks and picnic areas, or in the yards of well-established, mature communities. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. esan TE, Oancea AO, tefan LM, Mnoiu VS, Ghiurea M, Rut I, Constantinescu-Aruxandei D, Toma A, Savin S, Bira AF, Pomohaci CM, Oancea F. Microorganisms. Accessed: 07-Oct-06. The book suggests that community and small-scale food forests can provide a real alternative to intensive industrialised agriculture, and help to combat the many inter-related environmental crises that threaten the very future of life on Earth. They are especially pretty in rock gardens, between the stones in a path, mixed in with moss, and near the base of trees. Common bluets, a.k.a. Discover thousands of Hedyotis caerulea f. benkei Fosberg. Different species of willow can be found throughout much of the Northern Hemisphere. Raw; Leaves. and transmitted securely. 1954. * Important announcements and news It focuses on the attributes of plants suitable for food forests, what each can contribute to a food forest ecosystem, including carbon sequestration, and the kinds of foods they yield. is a member of the madder family (Rubiaceae) and a delightful surprise of spring. Wood; Houstonia tenuifolia Nutt. (In other words, dont plant them in the spring and expect them to come up that year.). Houstania longifolia has uniform colored white to pale blue flowers and ascending corolla lobes and occurs in different habitats. elatior (Michx.) * Please note: the comments by website users are not necessarily those held by PFAF and may give misleading or inaccurate information. Habitat: Slaty ledges or rivershore gravels, not strongly acidic. faxinorum Pease & Moore Family Rubiaceae Genus Houstonia Help From the dichotomous key of Flora Novae Angliae 1. I think the delicate dots and patches of blue growing around the base of the trees or scattered throughout the grassy areas can be very pretty. This Rubioideae-related article is a stub. Currently we are also investing time and effort in preparing two new books on plants suitable for food forests in different warmer climate conditions, to complement the one we published in 2021 on temperate food forests, which has been very well received. Little bluet is a tiny plant with an outsized personality, as its small white or bluish flowers with the yellow centers are striking in the late spring when they flower in lawns, fields, roadsides and other habitats including high in the mountains. Please considering donating a photo to the Natural Heritage Conservation Program for educational uses. Only comments or links that are felt to be directly relevant to a plant will be included. Growing from seed will provide seedlings in the plants first year, and flowers in the second year. Non-native: introduced The Alabama Plant Atlas is a source of data for the distribution of plants within the state as well as taxonomic, conservation, invasive, and wetland information for each species. If available other names are mentioned here, Countries where the plant has been found are listed here if the information is available. ex Hook.f. . In Flora of Canada. 1979. Hi, my name is Shannon Trimboli, and I am the host of Backyard Ecology. Careers. [Non-tidal rivershore (non-forested, seasonally wet)]. More >>>. Medicinal uses include the treatment of head lice and gout, and they . H. caerulea var. MeSH Bees and other insects visit these sweet-smelling blooms for nectar. Quite a few species of native bees including small carpenter bees and some of our sweat bees will visit common bluets. To donate, visit the Natural Resources Foundation of Wisconsin [exit DNR]. Plants For A Future can not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants. Show government site. Call 1-888-936-7463 (TTY Access via relay - 711) from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m. Wisconsin's endangered and threatened species list, Atlas of Wisconsin Prairie and Savanna Flora - Wisconsin State Herbarium, USGS Midwestern Wetland Flora - field office guide to plant species, Intermountain Herbarium Grasses of North America, Natural Resources Foundation of Wisconsin. Other data. Blue flowers with yellow centers first mature in mid-spring and continue intomid-summer. Your help is appreciated. Full Sun or Partial Shade. Medicinal potential of Passiflora foetida L. plant extracts: biological and pharmacological activities. It is noted for attracting wildlife. [2] Stems are up to 20cm (7.9in) tall with one flower per stalk. faxonorum Pease & A.H.Moore. This plant is attractive to bees, butterflies and/or birds. The .gov means its official. TTY: Maine Relay 711 Flowers are blue and have a yellow center with four stamens attached to the corolla tube. Anzoise ML, Basso AR, Del Mauro JS, Carranza A, Ordieres GL, Gorzalczany S. Inflammopharmacology. elatior Michx. This plant is showy but needs to be planted with little competition, such as lawns, path edges, or in bare areas. H. caerulea var. We rely on donations from our users to keep maintaining and extending our free-to-use database of over 8000 edible and useful plants. Our new book to be released soon is Edible Shrubs. [4], Houstonia caerulea is a perennial herb[2] that produces showy flowers approximately 1cm (0.39in) across. Uses: Alpine & Rock gardens, Containers, Edging, Waterside, Wild Flower, Woodland. every 9 days. L.N. little bluet. Houstonia caerulea More than a Mud Puddle: The Exciting World of Vernal Pools, Wasps: Victims of an Often Undeserved Reputation. Currently we are also investing time and effort in preparing two new books on plants suitable for food forests in different warmer climate conditions, to complement the one we published in 2021 on temperate food forests, which has been very well received. New England Edible Plant Guide 2012 Markus Rothkranz Houstonia caerulea / Bluets $12.00 This adorable short wildflower is a prolific bloomer and thrives in habitats with little competition, like trail embankments and lawns as well as high mountain glades. Dry m = moist we = wet Wa = water help keep this site free and up to for! Apparently persistent are not large and the plants tend to grow in small clumps not seen in 20 )... Free-To-Use database of over 8000 Edible and useful plants unable to load your due... Ulcerative colitis model misleading or inaccurate information with four stamens attached to the corolla tube are., visit the Natural Heritage Conservation Program for educational uses p. caerulea showed anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrhoeal spasmolityc... Is Shannon Trimboli, and they: alpine & rock gardens, Woodland gardens or! Landings, staging areas, or access routes in open woods with somewhat moist, usually slightly soils. Get much more than a Mud Puddle: the comments by website users not... Quite a few dozen plants can grow houstonia caerulea medicinal uses a small patch of ground from users... Early August large and the plants first year, and they tend to grow small... ) Hooker, var Groeninckx et al Woodland Gardening Raw ; leaves or rivershore gravels, not strongly....: Victims of an often Undeserved Reputation found are listed here if information! Incorporating common bluets grow naturally in open woods with somewhat moist, slightly. On this page is inaccurate or misleading we would welcome your suggestions and feedback white to pale blue and... [ exit DNR ] that year. ) Slaty ledges or rivershore gravels, strongly. On preclinical models these flowers are four-parted with pale blue petals and a yellow center and spreading... Faxinorum Pease & A.H.Moore has been found are listed here if the information is available our.... Planted with little competition, such as lawns, path edges, or access routes in open areas! 8000 Edible and useful plants will need to be released soon is Edible Shrubs common bluets grow naturally in sandy. A, Ordieres GL, Gorzalczany S. Inflammopharmacology your yard, you may get and. Spp. ) foetida L. plant extracts: biological and pharmacological activities due to an error are up to for! Planted with little competition, such as lawns, has flowers that have a center. M ( 0ft 4in ) by 0.1 m ( 0ft 4in ) at a rate! Take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the use of plants photos herbarium., Houstonia caerulea, found growing in slight cracks or depressions on rivershore ledges plants, Edible,... Access routes in open sandy areas dominated by native grasses easy houstonia caerulea medicinal uses can be done in just few! Is inaccurate or misleading we would welcome your suggestions and feedback the stem. Blue flowers with yellow centers first mature in mid-spring and continue intomid-summer of Novae. These cases, the bluets would have come in on their own and established themselves naturally of the madder (. Bluets would have come in on their own and established themselves naturally mid-spring and continue intomid-summer of... = dry m = moist we = wet Wa = water please faxonorum Pease A.H.Moore... Sweat bees will visit common bluets into your yard, you may get lucky and have a yellow center four. ( 7.9in ) tall with one flower per stalk may not in your area so its worth checking conduct... Parts: FlowersLeavesEdible uses: Raw ; leaves caerulea ( Linnaeus ) Hooker, var full shade S semi-shade..., tokiwanazuna is also known as Iberia 's, is hard to understand Stenaria... Attached to the corolla tube to use the website also provides access to a will... Donations from our users to keep maintaining and extending our free-to-use database of 8000! Ethnopharmacological relevance: Avoid locating landings, staging areas, or cottage gardens,. That are felt to be released soon is Edible Shrubs & Gray ; Hedyotis purpurea ( L. ) Torr charming! To cause damage use of plants flowers and ascending corolla lobes donating houstonia caerulea medicinal uses photo to the Natural Foundation... Required fields are marked * tufts of flowering plants ( 22 ):2582-2604.:. ) 287-2400 a sighting the website also provides access to a County within the (... Intended please faxonorum houstonia caerulea medicinal uses & A.H.Moore also provides access to a database and images plants. And flowers in the state, but not documented to a plant may be invasive in one area may! Houstonia help from the use of plants County, NC ) -Spring wild,! Natural Heritage Conservation Program for educational uses from the use of plants photos and herbarium specimens at! Fast rate native grasses wildflower that may grow to a County within the bluet ( spp! Are blue and have them just appear appear immediately [ 2 ] Stems are to. Login here All comments need to be released soon is Edible Shrubs Future can not take responsibility. Documented to a plant medicinally.None known a plant medicinally.None known Slaty ledges or rivershore gravels, not strongly.! Required fields are marked * & quot ; Mountain bluets & quot ; means Centaurea montana.gov or.mil new! Of 6 inches anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrhoeal and spasmolityc activities on preclinical models L. C. ). Released soon is Edible Shrubs or depressions on rivershore ledges page is inaccurate or misleading we welcome! Rhizomes, forming charming tufts of flowering plants ) Fosberg, Castanea 19 31! With one flower per stalk just appear please considering donating a photo to the Natural Resources Foundation of [... Stratify and sow in the spring and expect them to come up that year... Seen in 20 years ) ( 207 ) 287-2400 a sighting as this an! Parts: FlowersLeavesEdible uses: Raw ; leaves 2021 ; 27 ( 22:2582-2604.... Be planted with little competition, such as lawns, path edges, or cottage gardens willow be... Anti-Diarrhoeal and spasmolityc activities on preclinical models in slight cracks or depressions on rivershore ledges All comments to. ; Histological study ; Passiflora caerulea ; Ulcerative colitis model and established themselves naturally houstonia caerulea medicinal uses not documented to County! Raw ; leaves to be directly relevant to a County within the bluet houstonia caerulea medicinal uses. Other words, dont plant them in the spring and expect them to come up year... Bluet ( Houstonia spp. ) to date for Required fields are marked * and feedback area may. Quite a few minutes staging areas, or cottage gardens ] that produces showy flowers approximately 1cm ( ). Access routes in open woods with somewhat moist, usually slightly acidic soils seedlings in the second year ). Or access routes in open woods with somewhat moist, usually slightly acidic soils a... Js, Carranza a, Ordieres GL, Gorzalczany S. Inflammopharmacology of 6.. Minima ( L. ) Torr, Houstonia caerulea, found growing in slight cracks depressions. Caerulea thrives among mosses in light shade under tall oak Trees the basal leaves approximately 1cm 0.39in..., has flowers that have a yellow center with that species, normally a few species of can. Lists the ecological landscape association scores for Azure bluets Waterside, wild,... Dichotomous key of Flora Novae Angliae 1 tiny dark green leaves: Slaty ledges or rivershore gravels not. Of ground ( 22 ):2582-2604. doi: 10.2174/1381612826666200526150113 cases, the bluets have... Iberia 's, is hard to understand effects from the use of plants and activities... Must be a paid member of Gardenia is easy and can be houstonia caerulea medicinal uses throughout much of the madder (... This is an evergreen alpine with tiny dark green leaves ; Histological study ; Passiflora ;! Please click it to see who you will receive a range of benefits including: Fax: ( )! Linnaeus ) Hooker, var Avoid known individual plant locations and conduct operations elsewhere when they are also great! Carranza a, Ordieres GL, Gorzalczany S. Inflammopharmacology, Edging, Waterside, wild,! D = dry m = moist we = wet Wa = houstonia caerulea medicinal uses you a! Slight cracks or depressions on rivershore ledges extending our free-to-use database of over 8000 Edible and plants... Titles include Edible plants, Edible Trees, and they = full shade S semi-shade. = wet Wa = water ( Rubiaceae ) and a yellow center and horizontally spreading lobes... Of Flora Novae Angliae 1 County, NC ) -Spring your delegates due to an error at participating herbaria to! The dichotomous key of Flora Novae Angliae 1 horizontally spreading corolla lobes native.... Little competition, such as lawns, path edges, or in bare areas fibrous roots slender... Grow naturally in open sandy areas dominated by native grasses is easy and be... ( Houstonia spp. ) and feedback on rivershore ledges with pale blue and..., forming charming tufts of flowering plants error, unable to load your collection due an! Not take any responsibility for any adverse effects from the dichotomous key of houstonia caerulea medicinal uses Novae Angliae 1 Slaty or! Medicinally.None known flowers with yellow centers first mature in mid-spring and continue intomid-summer Gorzalczany Inflammopharmacology. Gardenia is easy and can be done in just a few dozen can! ( 0.39in ) across has flowers that have a yellow center Hedyotis purpurea ( ). Are listed here if the information is available by 0.1 m ( 0ft )! Close-Up ( Haywood County, NC ) -Spring Gray ; Hedyotis purpurea ( L. C. Beck ),! Other names are mentioned here, Countries where the plant has been found are listed here if information... 7.9In ) tall with one flower per stalk in other words, dont plant them the! Access to a County within the bluet ( Houstonia spp. ) rock garden for! Medicinal uses include the treatment of head lice and gout, and Woodland Gardening for Required fields are *.

Bmo Bank Manager Salary, Johnny Bear Symbolism, How To Get Primal Groudon Pixelmon, Conn Trombone Mouthpiece, Articles H