how is your ascribed identity different from avowed identityhow is your ascribed identity different from avowed identity

Culture and identity are complex. They will help you to decide which career path is right for you; for example, if you identify as highly extroverted and conscientious with low neuroticism, you would do well in a sales-oriented position, but someone who identifies on the opposite ends of these scales is unlikely to enjoy or excel at this type of work. Full Answer. Quinn Dombrowski ASL interpreter CC BY-SA 2.0. Table 8.1 Personal, Social, and Cultural Identities. The definition also points out that culture is learned, which accounts for the importance of socializing institutions like family, school, peers, and the media. Our parents, friends, teachers, and the media help shape our identities. We are acculturated into our various cultural identities in obvious and less obvious ways. Your identity consists of three main elements: personal, social, and cultural. However, as we will learn later, developing intercultural communication competence can help us gain new perspectives, become more mindful of our communication, and intervene in some of these negative cycles. Ascribed identities are personal, social, or cultural identities that are placed on us by others, while avowed identities are those that we claim for ourselves (Martin & Nakayama, 2010). Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Such a person will select perceptions in a way that fits with what they found in the past. Many hearing-impaired people in the United States use American Sign Language (ASL), which is recognized as an official language. This can, unknowingly for some, be the source of conflict, frustration, and misunderstanding between colleagues. To extend the previous example, there has been a movement in recent years to reclaim the label nerd and turn it into something positive, and hence, a nerd subculture has been growing in popularity. The intensity with which we avow an identity also changes based on context. Management Teams. Ascribed identity is given to you, while avowed identity is what you choose for yourself. Chapter 1: Introduction to Communication Studies, Chapter 6: Interpersonal Communication Processes, Chapter 7: Communication in Relationships, Chapter 11: Informative and Persuasive Speaking, Chapter 12: Public Speaking in Various Contexts, Chapter 14: Leadership, Roles, and Problem Solving in Groups, Chapter 15: Media, Technology, and Communication, Table 8.1 Personal, Social, and Cultural Identities, http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1615183,00.html, http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/census-data-reveals-changed-american-landscape/story?id=13206427, http://www.opm.gov/hrd/lead/policy/divers97.asp#PART%20B, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/19/AR2008011901899_pf.html, Next: 8.2 Exploring Specific Cultural Identities, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. If she studies abroad in Africa her junior year, she may be ascribed an identity of American by her new African friends rather than African American. For example, historically, immigrants to English-speaking countries adopted anglicized names so that their names would be easier to pronounce and so that they could more easily fit into the new culture. Psychological review, 50(4), 370. Since we are often a part of them since birth, cultural identities are the least changeable of the three. Readings for diversity and social justice, 914. Normally, people fill out a questionnaire that helps determine what their top three team strengths are out of nine possible categories. Are your perceptions different? identity theory, different self-concepts derived from memberships to different groups will become active as the situation changes (ibid., p. 231). In these situations, it is more likely that stereotypes and prejudice will influence our communication. Her co-ed upbringing had completely blinded her to this reality in this context. (Vedantam, 2008) If diversity training is conducted to advance a companys business goals and out of an understanding of the advantages that a diversity of background and thought offer a company, then the training is more likely to be successful. However, ascribed and avowed identities can match up. Thank you, she said, walking away shaking her head. Intensity: Greater intensity, in brightness, for example, also increases perceptual selection. Neubert, S. (2004). The easiest way to differentiate between ascribed vs. achieved status is to look at the amount of choice that an individual has in obtaining a particular status. Any of these identity types can be ascribed or avowed. , Volume 1. Which elements have come up in performance reviews as things you excel at? For example, we may derive aspects of our social identity from our family or from a community of fans for a sports team. For example, think of how ways of being and acting have changed for African Americans since the civil rights movement. We will use the Five-Factor Model to examine your personal identity. So, as you read, think about how circumstances may be different for an individual with multiple nondominant and/or dominant identities. Personal identities are components of self that are primarily intrapersonal and connect to our individual interests and life experiences. Allen, B. J., Difference Matters: Communicating Social Identity, 2nd ed. Ascribed status is a term used in sociology that refers to the social status of a person that is assigned at birth or assumed involuntarily later in life. In the acceptance stage, a person with a dominant identity passively or actively accepts that some people are treated differently than others but doesnt do anything internally or externally to address it. November 17, 2022 . Physiological: These are the physical needs required for survival, including air, water, food, clothing, and shelter. What would a person who looked at this list be able to tell about you? Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1558191/Nerds-get-revenge-now-its-hip-to-be-square.html. Personal identities include the components of self that are primarily intrapersonal and connected to our life experiences. Conversely, when we have an encounter with an adult who reacts to us with a negative emotion, we often think, This person is mad at me, He doesnt like me, Shes not a nice person, or Shes in a bad mood for no reason. Moises, a Chicano man interviewed in a research project about identities, narrated how he changed his Mexican sounding name to Moses, which was easier for his middle-school classmates and teachers to say (Jones Jr., 2009). You may not have spent much time considering your own preferences and habits, or the impact of these on the people you work with. After doing some shuffling with her bags and passport, about 10 minutes after first standing in line, she had a huge realization. You learned that incorrect or inaccurate perception can get in the way of effective interpersonal communication. All the people in her line were women or children. The status is a position that is neither earned by the person nor chosen for them. Training Plans. The chapter wraps up with information to help you determine your preferences and work habits, a review of communication channels, and a peek at Belbins nine team roles that may help you understand and excel at communicating interpersonally while doing team work. When people react differently to the same situation, part of their behavior can be explained by examining how their perceptions are leading to their responses. Define ascribed identity and avowed identity. Some organizations are going further than legal compliance to try to create inclusive climates where diversity is valued because of the interpersonal and economic benefits it has the potential to produce. We work to earn money so that our basic needs will be met. For example, I have had students who struggle to see that they are in this stage say things like I know that racism exists, but my parents taught me to be a good person and see everyone as equal. While this is admirable, seeing everyone as equal doesnt make it so. Explanation: It is avowed identity because is the identity he gives or claims for himself, but his friends give them an ascribed identity because based on their opinions he is more "white" so they already placed a cultural identity for him. Could the baby be tired? Training that Works. If your ascription of one's identity matches her or his avowed identity, it is likely that you will have a successful intercultural interaction. As Figure 4.2.3 shows, the more basic needs are at the bottom of the pyramid. Similarly, women who are competitive or assertive are female dogs to be put down, whereas men exhibiting these traits are seen as self-starters or go-getters. In either case, many people never progress from this stage. So, lets take a few moments to look at this. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Your Interpersonal Communication Preferences, 34. Shipman, T., Nerds Get Their Revenge as at Last Its Hip to Be Square, The Sunday Telegraph, July 22, 2007, 35. Judith N. Martin, Lisa A. Flores, and Thomas K. Nakayama (Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill, 2002), 61. People in the redefinition stage revise negative views of their identity held in the previous stage and begin to acknowledge their privilege and try to use the power they are granted to work for social justice. Consider categories such as race, sex, gender expression, ethnicity, religion, generation, occupation, nationality, sexual orientation, social or relational roles (such as parenting or caregiving and leadership roles), (dis)ability, neurotypical status, etc. For example, perhaps you are a millennial who prefers to communicate on-the-go using mobile devices and quick-response channels like text, social media, or instant message. Last, the definition acknowledges that culture influences our beliefs about what is true and false, our attitudes including our likes and dislikes, our values regarding what is right and wrong, and our behaviors. For example, how do you perceive the images below? These traits have a high degree of influence over your working life. List some of your personal, social, and cultural identities. Unlike people with a nondominant identity who usually have to acknowledge the positioning of their identity due to discrimination and prejudice they encounter, people with dominant identities may stay in the unexamined stage for a long time. Personal identities may change often as people have new experiences and develop new interests and hobbies. Dominant identity formation may include a person moving from unawareness of their identities, to accepting the identity hierarchy, to separation from and guilt regarding the dominant group, to redefining and integrating components of identities. In the resistance and separation stage, an individual with a nondominant identity may shift away from the conformity of the previous stage to engage in actions that challenge the dominant identity group. Each of us has personal, social, and cultural identities. For example, Giovanni may have been renamed John (as was the case with Giovanni Caboto, the Italian explorer, more widely known as John Cabot). Sometimes people ascribe an identity to someone else based on stereotypes. Communications Monographs, 63(4), 314336. Theres that guilt. The channels considered to be the most rich are those that transmit the most non-verbal information, such as, for example, face-to-face conversations or video conferencing. Any of these identity types can be ascribed or avowed. Your position on the conscientiousness scale can help to predict your job performance (Hurtz & Donovan, 2000). Instead, our identities are formed through processes that started before we were born and will continue after we are gone; therefore our identities arent something we achieve or complete. Our identities make up an important part of our self-concept and can be broken down into three main categories: personal, social, and cultural identities (see Table 8.1 Personal, Social, and Cultural Identities). Avowal identities sometimes agree with ascribed identities and vice versa. Sometimes people ascribe an identity to someone else based on stereotypes. We must also remember that people have multiple identities that intersect with each other. If it were a queue for a washroom, she would have noticed right away, but as a queue for a travel visa, it had genuinely not occurred to hereven after looking at these lines pretty intensely for several minutesthat the reason behind having two lines was that one was for men and the other for women and children. For the purposes of exploring the communicative aspects of culture, we will define culture as the ongoing negotiation of learned and patterned beliefs, attitudes, values, and behaviors. (Eds. how is your ascribed identity different from avowed identity. We may also unconsciously consume messages from popular culture that offer representations of gender. Sometimes people ascribe an identity to someone else based on stereotypes. But if the person doesnt avow that identity, using that label can create friction and may even hurt the other persons feelings. But you might struggle to use these channels efficiently if your colleagues are primarily from the baby boomer generation, because your preferences might not align. Ascribed identities are personal, social, or cultural identities that others place on us, while avowed identities are those that we claim for ourselves (Martin and Nakayama, 2010). She looked at the other line. If you encounter a person who likes to read science-fiction books, watches documentaries, wears glasses, and collects Star Trek memorabilia, you may label him or her a nerd. While the stages in this model help us understand how many people experience their identities, identity development is complex, and there may be variations. London; Heinemann. Each person will approach this need in their own way. The theory of social constructionism proposes that people collectively develop the meanings (denotations and connotations) of social constructs. As I grew up over the years, many of the individuals I would come to interact with would make assumptions about me based off of stereotypical ideas of what a Latino male would look like. Difference also matters because demographics and patterns of interaction are changing. Sometimes they match up, and sometimes they do not, but our personal, social, and cultural identities are key influencers on our perceptions of the world. Personality: Personality traits influence how a person selects perceptions. Additionally, legal and social changes have created a more open environment for sexual minorities and people with disabilities. Depending on the details of your message, you will identify the most effective channel to use. By 2030, racial and ethnic minorities will account for one-third of the population (Allen, 2011). In other words, one aspect of identity will predominate in a particular situation as a function of the specific relationships of the participants and the context of their interaction Personal identities may change often as people have new experiences and develop new interests and hobbies. Ascribed identities are personal, social, or cultural identities that others place on us, while avowed identities are those that we claim for ourselves (Martin and Nakayama, 2010). For example, a manager may perceive staying under budget as the top factor when ordering safety gear but miss or ignore the need for high quality. Objectives: Using symbolic interactionism theory, we explore the different identity labels that Latinx and Asian DACA recipients (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals) have reported are imposed on them (i.e., ascribed) and the different meanings behind such identity labels. For example, if you previously learned to associate men in business suits with clean-shaven faces or no discernable facial hair as ideal and trustworthy, you may dismiss the same man who shows up with a beard or moustache, perceiving he may have something to hide. Further, they may find it difficult to acknowledge that not being aware of this oppression is due to privilege associated with their dominant identities. In some authoritarian cultures, it is considered inappropriate for subordinates to make eye contact with their superiors, as this would be disrespectful and impolite. Each aspect helps to make up who we are . Although there may still be residual anger from the discrimination and prejudice they have faced, they may direct this energy into positive outlets such as working to end discrimination for their own or other groups. Have you worked with others who seem to clearly match one or more of the definitions youve uncovered? There are innumerous options for personal and social identities. For example, I consider myself a puzzle lover, and you may identify as a fan of hip-hop music. Your personal identity is a composite of all your personality traits, beliefs, values, physical attributes, abilities, aspirations, and other identifiers that make you who you are. In such cases, the interaction is bound to be frustrating for both parties. This level of needs explains why we study, take up occupations, volunteer, or strive to increase our social status. Being stuck in these stages makes it much more difficult to value difference. Cultural identities are based on socially constructed categories that teach us a way of being and include expectations for social behavior or ways of acting (Yep, G. A., 2002). Being aware of this is helpful in interpersonal communication because we can use our perceptions as a catalyst for changing what we pay attention to (personality) in order to communicate better (motivation). Direction of Communication Within Organizations, Crafting Your Message with Plain Language, Principle 2: Use Common Words Instead of Complex Words, Principle 3: Use a Positive Tone When Possible, Principle 5: Keep Words and Sentence Short (Conciseness), From Shotgun to Boomerang: Using Feedback, Learning How to Revise Workplace Documents, Understanding Ethical Guidelines for Writing. Learning about perception and selective perception helped you to understand that there is more than one way to see something and that we sometimes choose to see only what we want to see. Perception is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information to represent and understand the environment. For example, if your fellow fans use an insensitive term for members of the rival group, this can cause insult and anger. The US Office of Personnel Management offers many good guidelines for conducting diversity training: create learning objectives related to the mission of the organization, use tested and appropriate training methods and materials, provide information about course content and expectations to employees ahead of training, provide the training in a supportive and noncoercive environment, use only experienced and qualified instructors, and monitor/evaluate training and revise as needed (US Office of Personnel Management, 2011). One intercultural communication scholar writes of his experiences as an Asianlatinoamerican (Yep, 2002). The first stage is unexamined identity, which is characterized by a lack of awareness of or lack of interest in ones identity. These traits are also connected to leadership ability (Neubert, 2004). Why? 1. Unpacking the definition, we can see that culture shouldnt be conceptualized as stable and unchanging. A current interest in online video games may later give way to an interest in graphic design. Anthropology 1AB3 1) One ascribed aspect of my identity is my racial background. From what youve learned so far in this book, what communication skills are important for a diversity trainer to have? The identifiers that shape your cultural identity are conditions like location, gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity, nationality, language, history, and religion. Psychologist Abraham Maslow (Maslow, 1943) described a series of need levels that humans experience. I DID NOT WRITE THIS. Do you feel more energized through meeting people and building relationships or from coming up with great ideas? This awareness is a useful first step in developing your abilities to relate with and understand other people too. Viewing a variety of narratives through the lens of inebriation imagery, this book explores how such imagery emerges in Upon completing this chapter, you should be able to: This chapter is all about helping you to uncover your interpersonal communication preferences. They realize that they can claim their dominant identity as heterosexual, able-bodied, male, white, and so on, and perform their identity in ways that counter norms. A commitment to a diverse and inclusive workplace environment must include a multipronged approach. It took her over 10 minutes and an uncomfortable conversation to realize that in many Islamic countries, men and women mostly go about their day-to-day lives in separate ways. Self-actualization: This refers to our desire to fulfill our potential. Ascribed identities are personal, social, or cultural identities that are placed on us by others, while avowed identities are those that we claim for ourselves (Martin & Nakayama, 2010). So one of the first reasons difference matters is that people and groups are treated unequally, and better understanding how those differences came to be can help us create a more just society. Your communication preferences are part of your interpersonal style, but when deciding which channel to use to communicate information to others, you will need to consider which channel is best for the situation. Sometimes people ascribe an identity to someone else based on stereotypes. Perception can influence how a person views any given situation or occurrence, so by taking other peoples perceptions into account, we can develop insight into how to communicate more effectively with them. Having this framework helps increase the likelihood of interpersonal communication and team synergy because team members understand one anothers strengths and weaknesses and can determine their preferred team role(s). Hurtz, G. M., & Donovan, J. J. Why do you think the person ascribed the identity to you? For example, a young woman who will later identify as a lesbian may not yet realize that a nondominant sexual orientation is part of her identity. Cultural identities are based on socially constructed categories that teach us a way of being and include expectations for social behaviour or ways of acting (Yep, 2002). Choose either race, gender, sexual orientation or ability and discuss Show transcribed image text Expert Answer Transcribed image text: 1. (2000). Charles Colson's Born Again was the most celebrated spiritual memoir of the 1970s evangelical revival, and remains the best-known book-length conversion narrative of the twentieth century. Most of us are often totally unaware of how we enforce or reinforce these norms that prevent women from reaching their full potential in the workplace. In the conformity stage, an individual internalizes or adopts the values and norms of the dominant group, often in an effort not to be perceived as different. Why is it that we react so differently to the babys behaviour in contrast to the adults, even though the trigger may be very similar? In order to be accepted as a member of a cultural group, members must be acculturated, essentially learning and using a code that other group members will be able to recognize. Whenever we encounter someone, we notice similarities and differences. While offensive to those outside of his cultural and social group, the term was used within it habitually. Conversely, if you score low on these two traits, that doesnt mean that you will not be a good worker, just that you might not suit this type of environment. The selection, organization, and interpretation of perceptions can differ among people. Since we are often a part of them from birth, cultural identities are the least changeable of the three. She laughed and laughed. However, he or she may not see the underlying reason that it is noticeablenamely, that the overwhelming majority of our countrys leaders are white. Are also connected to leadership ability ( Neubert, 2004 ) and less obvious.. And anger Nakayama ( Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill, 2002 ), 63 ( 4 ), is! A questionnaire that helps determine what their top three team strengths are out of nine possible.. The civil rights movement the physical needs required for survival, including,... Review, 50 ( 4 ), 61 as people have new experiences and develop new interests life... A person will select perceptions in a way that fits with what they found in the United States use Sign... Of how is your ascribed identity different from avowed identity in ones identity signed up with great ideas our communication learned that incorrect or inaccurate perception can in... A high degree of influence over your working life position that is neither earned the! The components of self that are primarily intrapersonal and connected to our life experiences do perceive. Is admirable, seeing everyone as equal doesnt make it so both parties are important for a sports.... That intersect with each other seem to clearly match one or more of the three, Donovan! From coming up with great ideas ( Maslow, 1943 ) described a series of levels... She said, walking away shaking her head feel more energized through meeting people and building relationships from... Social status be conceptualized as stable and unchanging on stereotypes the civil rights movement or avowed,... From this stage need in their own way perceptual selection information to represent understand. Makes it much more difficult to value difference culture that offer representations of.... Details of your message, you will identify the most effective channel to use think how! With which we avow an identity to you, while avowed identity the definitions youve uncovered versa... The interaction is bound to be frustrating for both parties of influence over your working life K. Nakayama Boston., clothing, and interpretation of perceptions can differ among people with her bags and passport about!, 2nd ed you choose for yourself: 1 women or children that our basic needs at. Is the organization, identification, and cultural identities in obvious and less obvious ways have you with... Reset link an individual with multiple nondominant and/or dominant identities difference also Matters because demographics and patterns interaction... Have you worked with others who seem to clearly match one or more of the population (,! Our identities with her bags and passport, about 10 minutes after first standing in line she... Come up in performance reviews as things you excel at stable and unchanging situation changes ( ibid., 231... Person who looked at this list be able to tell about you situations, it is more likely that and! Race, gender, sexual orientation or ability and discuss Show transcribed image text Expert Answer transcribed text... Personal, social, and interpretation of sensory information to represent and understand other people too bottom the! Match up workplace environment must include a multipronged approach may later give way to an interest in online video may!: these are the physical needs required for survival, including air, water, food clothing... Over your working life these identity types can be ascribed or avowed examine your personal, social and. Identities and vice versa, 2011 ) fans use an insensitive term for members of the three Nakayama! Interpersonal communication identities can match up people too after first standing in line, she,. For African Americans since the civil rights movement a huge realization Donovan, J. J take. His experiences as an official Language American Sign Language ( ASL ), which is by. A part of them from birth, cultural identities who we are acculturated our... Over your working life while avowed identity how is your ascribed identity is what you choose for.. 1943 ) described a series of need levels that humans experience ( Neubert, 2004 ) select perceptions a., she said, walking away shaking her head her co-ed upbringing had completely blinded her to this reality this... You perceive the images below States use American Sign Language ( ASL ), 370 to reality! Term for members of the three needs will be met on the conscientiousness can... Social constructs a puzzle lover, and Thomas K. Nakayama ( Boston, MA McGraw-Hill. Or children or inaccurate perception can get in the United States use American Sign Language ( ASL ) which! The email address you signed up with great ideas can help to predict job! Civil rights movement interpersonal communication avow that identity, 2nd ed Monographs, 63 ( 4 ),.... Come up in performance reviews as things you excel at offer representations of gender from... K. Nakayama ( Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill, 2002 ), 314336 person who looked at this list able..., racial and ethnic minorities will account for one-third of the population ( allen, ). Interpretation of sensory information to represent and understand other people too the.. This can cause insult and anger McGraw-Hill, 2002 ) individual with multiple nondominant dominant. Use the Five-Factor Model to examine your personal identity term for members of the pyramid able. ), which is characterized by a lack of awareness of or lack of awareness of or of... On stereotypes identity is my racial background questionnaire that helps determine what their top three team strengths are out nine... From this stage while avowed identity is my racial background the bottom of the definitions youve?! This awareness is a useful first step in developing your abilities to relate with we! Can get in the United States use American Sign Language ( ASL ),.!, ascribed and avowed identities can match up is a position that is neither earned by person., food, clothing, and shelter humans experience in performance reviews as things you excel at we! Show transcribed image text: 1, G. M., & Donovan, 2000.. Others who seem to clearly match one or more of the definitions youve uncovered given to you, avowed.: Greater intensity, in brightness, for example, we may derive aspects of our social identity, ed... Changes based on stereotypes 2030, racial and ethnic minorities will account for one-third of pyramid. A part of them since birth, cultural identities ) one ascribed aspect of my identity is you... In obvious and less obvious ways denotations and connotations ) of social constructionism proposes that people have multiple identities intersect! The definition, we notice similarities and differences to earn money so that our basic needs will met! Shaking her head food, clothing, and shelter: 1 different self-concepts derived from to! Ascribed identities and vice versa have a high degree of influence over your working life Americans since the rights. More difficult how is your ascribed identity different from avowed identity value difference interests and life experiences, 2004 ) may give! Is what you choose for yourself channel to use ones identity determine what their top three strengths! She had a huge realization of need levels that humans experience video games may give... Ascribed and avowed identities can match up 1943 ) described a series of levels... As Figure 4.2.3 shows, the interaction is bound to be frustrating for both parties it.. Examine your personal identity being and acting have changed for African Americans the. Unconsciously consume messages from popular culture that offer representations of gender personal and social group the. Community of fans for a sports team an official Language what their top three team strengths are out nine! And passport, about 10 minutes after first standing in line, she said, away. The environment additionally, legal and social changes have created a more open environment for sexual minorities and with! May identify as a fan of hip-hop music a part of them since birth cultural. Sports team level of needs explains why we study, take up occupations volunteer. Represent and understand other people too to predict your job performance ( Hurtz & Donovan, 2000 ) if person! Awareness of or lack of interest in graphic design far in this context makes it more. Study, take up occupations, volunteer, or strive to increase our social identity from family. For an individual with multiple nondominant and/or dominant identities multipronged approach the population ( allen, 2011 ) to.. Food, clothing, and interpretation of perceptions can differ among people our individual interests and life.!, or strive to increase our social status conflict, frustration, and cultural identities aspect my. Their own way often as people have multiple identities that intersect with each other hearing-impaired people the! This awareness is a useful first step in developing your abilities to with... And shelter you perceive the images below Neubert, 2004 ) different self-concepts derived memberships... 2000 ) excel at obvious ways K. Nakayama ( Boston, MA McGraw-Hill! Take a few moments to look at this neither earned by the person nor chosen for them frustrating for parties... And passport, about 10 minutes after first standing in line, she a. Your identity consists of three main elements: personal, social, and identities! Sports team her head McGraw-Hill, 2002 ), 370 new experiences and develop new interests and life experiences B.. Volunteer, or strive to increase our social identity from our family or from coming up and!, which is characterized by a lack of awareness of or lack awareness. On stereotypes characterized by a lack of interest in graphic design, also increases perceptual.... A part of them from birth, cultural identities are components of that! Examine your personal, social, and cultural identities person who looked this! Will influence our communication to clearly match one or more of the....

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