Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Marvin Wolfthal of The New England Journal of Medicine summarizes Musicophilia as well when he writes, "The subjects covered in the book include hallucinations, cochlear amusia, parkinsonism,. Music and the brain are both endlessly fascinating subjects, and as a neuroscientist specialising in auditory learning and memory, I find them especially intriguing. The last date is today's doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.153130, Herholz, S. C., Halpern, A. R., and Zatorre, R. J. Sacks cites the case of the nineteenth century music critic Nikonov, who, after his first major seizure at a performance of an opera, became so sensitive to music that he developed a phobia of music and had to give up his profession. Sacks makes an important distinction between music therapy that is directed toward problems with movement and motor coordination and music therapy that requires not just music itself but also the empathetic and relational skills of the therapist to help the patient with memory loss. Now insights from neuroscience are contributing to almost every area of human activity and aspect of the human condition. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Together, however, these diseases-associated substrates correspond closely to the coherent large-scale brain network identified in studies of music processing by the healthy brain. However, patients rated the program helpful and potentially beneficial. When a bit of brain tissue is . Sacks speaks of personal experiences when music pulled him out of states of grief and depression. online is the same, and will be the first date in the citation. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06465.x, Omar, R., Hailstone, J. C., and Warren, J. D. (2012). Details of changes in patients' music listening behavior based on care-giver comments are summarized in Table A1 in Appendix. Hi Michael. [4][5] While the studies conducted with adults 18+ had overall positive effects, the conclusions were limited because of overt bias and small sample sizes. Sacks writes about Parkinsons disease, and how, similar to with people who suffer from Tourettes, music with a strong rhythmic beat can help with movement and coordination. (2006) described the case of a 65 year old woman with typical temporal lobe seizures and a right temporal lobe correlate on EEG who developed selective musicophilia de novo after commencing anticonvulsant treatment with lamotrigine; these authors argued that musicophilia in this case was the result of altered cortico-limbic linkage in the ictal medial temporal lobe. amusia. by Oliver Sacks. Whether it is grief or joy, music has the power to stimulate emotional response and release when nothing else can. Neurodegenerative diseases target large-scale human brain networks. Sacks discusses how blindness can affect the perception of music and musical notes, and he also writes that absolute pitch is much more common in blind musicians than it is in sighted musicians. You may indeed have a form of musicophilia though the condition is rare. Examples include musical savants and blindness. But if your positive feelings that are inspired by music are helpful to you then it is quite possible that you have found a wonderful form of support for life; a flexible, safe and personalised sound that is unique to you. The first part of Musicophilia addresses topics such as musicogenic epilepsy, musical hallucinations, and sudden onsets of musicophilia. Neuroimage 39, 483491. In recent years, the fields of neuroscience and neurobiology have expanded greatly. Music engages many areas of the brain. Sweet Anticipation: Music and the Psychology of Expectation. (2005). For example, the cerebellum, a portion that coordinates movement and stores muscle memory, responds well to the introduction of music. The frontotemporal lobar degenerations (FTLD) are a diverse group of dementia diseases sharing a propensity to produce selective brain atrophy predominantly involving the temporal or frontal lobes due to deposition of pathogenic proteins. From 2008-2012, the Department of Oncology/ Hematology of the University Medical Center in Hamburg-Eppendorf orchestrated a randomized pilot study to determine if music therapy helped patients cope with pain and reduce chemotherapy side effects. All gray matter correlates with cluster size >20 voxels are shown. doi:10. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq094, Jacome, D. E. (1984). Neurologist Oliver Sacks has chronicled the mysteries of the human brain for almost four decades. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. Results indicated that music has proven to be significantly effective in suppressing and combating the symptoms of psychosis (d = +0.71). This situation is somewhat reminiscent of the individual variation in musicality described among individuals with Williams' syndrome (Martens et al., 2010), or the behavioral heterogeneity of the dopamine dysregulation syndrome in Parkinson's disease (Merims and Giladi, 2008). At the same time, the reader is left with a sense of missed opportunities. Keywords: music, musicophilia, craving, frontotemporal dementia, degeneration, Citation: Fletcher PD, Downey LE, Witoonpanich P and Warren JD (2013) The brain basis of musicophilia: evidence from frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Abnormalities of emotion processing and altered social and appetitive behaviors occur in all FTLD syndromes but are particularly early and salient in bvFTD and SD (Boeve and Geda, 2001; Hailstone et al., 2009; Omar et al., 2010, 2011; Rascovsky et al., 2011). Anyways how would I go about diagnosing it? Knopf. We do not argue that musicophilia is a universal marker of FTLD pathology: across our FTLD cohort, individual patients showed wide variation both in the extent and indeed the direction of their hedonic shift in response to music. The present data do not resolve the mechanism whereby music can acquire abnormally high emotional value for cognitively impaired patients. With that in mind, Sacks examines human's musical inclination through the lens of musical therapy and treatment, as a fair number of neurological injuries and diseases have been documented to be successfully treated with music. Curious, cultured, caring, in his person Sacks justifies the medical profession and, one is tempted to say, the human race." Z scores are coded on the color bar (below right). "Nothing activates the brain so extensively as music," said the late Oliver Sacks, M.D., neurologist and author of Musicophilia.He would've known. Notably, every person appreciates different musical genres. Presenting the book in this fashion makes the reading a little disjointed if one is doing so cover to cover, however, it also means one may pick up the book and flip to any chapter for a quick read without losing any context. In the case of music processing, the neural substrates exposed by disease are particularly extensive, including temporal and parietal areas implicated in perceptual analysis of music and musical memory, subcortical structures implicated in reward and autonomic responses and frontal lobe regions engaged in the evaluation of sensory signals and programing of an integrated behavioral response. Brain correlates of musical and facial emotion recognition: evidence from the dementias. Seven patients with bvFTD had genetic confirmation of a pathogenic mutation causing FTLD (five cases with MAPT and three cases with C9ORF72 mutations). Another example is the Putamen. Neurology 57, 1485. doi:10.1212/WNL.57.8.1485. The 12 patients in the current study who had musicophilia were compared against 25 patients who had FTLD without musicophilia. Functional MRI. However, unlike other animal species (such as birds) whose musical prowess is easier to understand in relation on a biological/evolutionary level, humanity's draw towards music and song is less clear-cut. Entertainment Weekly, no. He devotes one chapter to absolute pitch, and other chapters look at people who compensate for other deficiencies, disabilities, and losses by the intensive development of musical talents. Rather, the subtitle of his book indicates his approach. Robbins classifies the Music Child as the inner self in every child that evokes a healthy musical response. Kramer wrote, "Lacking the dynamic that propels Sacks's other work, Musicophilia threatens to disintegrate into a catalogue of disparate phenomena." Phillip D. Fletcher is supported by an MRC Clinical Research Training Fellowship. Music reliably evokes strong physiological as well as cognitive emotional responses (Khalfa et al., 2002; Baltes et al., 2011) and these responses have been linked to a distributed cortico-subcortical brain network that mediates biological drives and rewards and the evaluation of emotional and social signals more generally (Blood and Zatorre, 2001; Peretz and Zatorre, 2005; Omar et al., 2011). Neuron 62, 4252. Because of the auditory symptoms, the patient looked for the opinion of an otorhinolaryngology . 2007-11, Alfred A. Knopf. 328, 145159. Mentalising music in frontotemporal dementia. We hope that the present findings will motivate further systematic behavioral and neuroanatomical investigation of this intriguing phenomenon. Psychol. What does all this mean? The picture emerging from clinical studies, particularly in neurodegenerative dementia diseases, suggest that music (like other complex phenomena) has a modular cognitive architecture instantiated in distributed brain regions (Omar et al., 2010, 2011; Hsieh et al., 2011, 2012). date the date you are citing the material. Sacks successfully shows that musicophilia is a crucial part of being human. Though it might be regarded as benign in its own right, musicophilia may be highly dysfunctional when it leads to potentially deleterious music-seeking behavior, when other aspects of the patient's life suffer on account of the symptom or when it disrupts the lives of care-givers and family members (Boeve and Geda, 2001). When music therapy was first introduced in tandem with other medical fields, it was mostly receptive and patients listened to live solo performances or pre-recorded songs. Great coins =F 5. In terms of the brain scans, the musicophilic group showed significantly increased regional grey matter in the left posterior hippocampus (a memory area) compared to the non-musicophilic group. Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain. They also looked at the music listening interests of the two groups. (2011). doi:10.1097/WCO.0b013e32834cd442. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70158-2, Platel, H., Baron, J. C., Desgranges, B., Bernard, F., and Eustache, F. (2003). The present anatomical findings corroborate previous reports that focal alterations of hippocampal function can give rise to musicophilia (Rohrer et al., 2006), and further affirm the role of the anterior temporal lobes in processing dimensions of music in FTLD (Hsieh et al., 2011, 2012; Omar et al., 2011, 2012). X . I was wondering if this is a possible type if musicophilia. The first of many tales within the book Musicophilia contains one of the most compelling patient cases of this condition. He exists only in the moment, with no past memories and no way to hold on to new memories. Some of the chapters are less satisfying, and a few are so brief that one wonders about the reason for their inclusion. Emotions induced by operatic music: psychophysiological effects of music, plot, and acting: a scientist's tribute to Maria Callas. Sacks presents many topics that arouse curiosity about the ways that the human brain and mind process music. However, each topic and each case remain rather discrete. doi:10.1093/brain/awr190, Hsieh, S., Hornberger, M., Piguet, O., and Hodges, J. R. (2012). Sometimes family members observe immediate effects because selfhood is encouraged and nurtured and thus a childs personality develops in response to music. Intensely pleasurable responses to music correlate with activity in brain regions implicated in reward and emotion. This version has additional footage, including fMRI images of Dr. Sacks's brain as he listens to music. Kramer concluded his review by writing, "Sacks is, in short, the ideal exponent of the view that responsiveness to music is intrinsic to our makeup. The sources of individual susceptibility to addictive behaviors in these conditions largely remain to be defined; however, we believe it is unlikely that musicophilia simply reflects the relative premorbid importance of music in patients' lives, as several of our cases with prominent musicophilia had no formal musical training. Brain 134, 25232534. Certain portions of the brain are associated with how we use the brain to interact with music. Hum. Cortex 21, 292299. In connection with movement, one chapter is devoted to the role of music therapy in Parkinsons disease. Natl. [4] It is music that becomes the catalyst for discovering the childs potential. Seeley, W. W., Crawford, R. K., Zhou, J., Miller, B. L., and Greicius, M. D. (2009). A recent exception was a new paper by Phillip Fletcher and colleagues at the Dementia Research Centre at UCL (UK) who have looked into the brain basis of musicophilia in 12 patients. Functional network disruption in the degenerative dementias. Phenotypic signatures of genetic frontotemporal dementia. 16 (August 15, 2007): 843. Another condition Sacks spends a lot of time on is synesthesia. However, it is important to recognize that musicophilia is part of a much wider repertoire of abnormal behaviors that emerge in FTLD, including other behaviors with obsessional or ritualistic features (Rascovsky et al., 2011). As Sacks states at the outset of the book's preface, music is omnipresent, influencing human's everyday lives in how we think and act. Front. Craving for music after treatment for partial epilepsy. (2006). Not as far as I can tell. doi:10.1093/brain/awr198, Rohrer, J. D., Smith, S. J., and Warren, J. D. (2006). Most patients in the non-musicophilic subgroup had no change in their premorbid music listening behavior, however there were several who had lost interest in music or developed an active aversion to music following the onset of cognitive decline. Thirty-seven patients with a syndrome of FTLD were included in the study: 12 musicophilic (five with bvFTD, seven with SD) and 25 non-musicophilic (14 with bvFTD, 11 with SD). In addition, the network of areas we have demonstrated includes a number of brain regions previously implicated in mediating musical memory and emotional responses to music in the healthy brain (Platel et al., 2003; Koelsch et al., 2006; Watanabe et al., 2008; Herholz et al., 2012), while altered connectivity within this network may provide a mechanism for impaired acquisition of musical skills in congenital amusia (Hyde et al., 2006, 2011) and for acquisition of skills during musical training (Groussard et al., 2010). The next chapter, In Living Stereo: Why We Have Two Ears, he further elaborates on the importance of the way we hear music. Event-related skin conductance responses to musical emotions in humans. Musicophilia developed more frequently in the SD syndromic group (39% of cases) than the bvFTD syndromic group (26% of cases). Aphasia with elation, hypermusia, musicophilia and compulsive whistling. On one end of the spectrum, there are a number forms of amusia, the inability to perceive certain aspects of music. Classification of primary progressive aphasia and its variants. Neurology 76, 10061014. We perceive its structure. The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat, and Other Clinical Tales, The Island of the Colorblind and Cycad Island. Neuronal correlates of perception, imagery, and memory for familiar tunes. Musical Minds is a one-hour NOVA documentary on music therapy, produced by Ryan Murdock. Table A1. Thus, one musician specifically associates a color with a musical key. 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