Who will hold data? For example, bumping into someone you know and like in public could trigger an involuntary smile. Feel free to jump to any section that interest you: While you are here, we also invite you to check out our Data Science and Machine Learning articles: Facial recognition is a biometric technology that uses distinguishable facial features to identify a person. A Comprehensive Guide to Mobile Learning for Beginners, How Your U.S. Business Can Reach Online Customers In India, MaximizingYourInfluence in the Digital Age. The likelihood of concluding the meeting with meaningful findings is therefore quite high. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Dont be afraid to ask for help or support from a friend, colleague, or professional. With written communication, there is often more ambiguity, and the message may be interpreted differently by different people. Can show if you are happy/sad, satisfied/unsatisfied, angry/pleased etc without saying a word or while other is talking with you. Here are five tips on how to overcome the fear of face-to-face communication: Q1: What are the advantages of face-to-face communication? document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Sign languages are the innate linguistic systems that develop within a deaf community and have phonological, lexical, and syntactic levels of structure, just like spoken languages. But remember, as my examples show, I know very different sets of information for anger than for disgust, and so on. "}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What are the disadvantages of talking in person? Look for emotion on the faces of others, learn to recognize what their expressions communicate to you, and then practice coupling those expressions with the words and emotions you want to convey. With written communication, the message is fixed, and there is less room for flexibility and adaptation. Even so, recent advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning allowed the launch of commercial applications. Bringing people together in a face-to-face meeting is also important as it creates an atmosphere of equality while eliminating any difference between leadership and power that high-ranking officials in the meeting may show. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. A: Face-to-face conversation also has some drawbacks, such as the potential for misinterpretation due to cultural or language differences, the risk of conflict or uncomfortable situations, and the limitation of time and space. Low or knotted eyebrows can convey anger or sadness. Finding common time for such leaders to meet for a face-to-face meeting may be too challenging, especially given the tight itinerary that each leader or manager has. Thus, they must investigate if the dataset used to train the system is diverse enough. This can help you feel more confident and less anxious. Darwin introduced the idea that some facial expressions originate from evolution. The significance of eyes can be understood through phrases such as eyes are the windows to the soul.. Effective communication. Face-to-face communication offers several advantages over written communication: Comparison between Online communication vs face-to-face communication, Four factors that affects face-to-face communication, How to overcome the fear of face-to-face communication. We can determine if each of the domains of information listed earlier can be derived from an expression. They also use facial gestures to communicate. Thats what got some people concerned. What is the advantage and disadvantage of verbal communication? Consider the diverse information that, this expression, totally out of context, just as it appears. For example, consider the expression shown by the woman in this photograph I took in 1967 when I was in the highlands of what is now called Papua New Guinea. Face-to-face meetings are normally highly effective as they allow for attendants to brainstorm together in productive discussions and constructive arguments. Face-to-face communication allows individuals to gauge the interest and engagement of the other party, which can be difficult to determine through digital communication. Facial and head motions are utilized in sign languages at all degrees of linguistic structure. We know that if we show people a facial expression of emotion they will agree in their choice of which emotion word (anger, fear, etc. This channel of communication is preferred for its numerous advantages, and in spite of its various disadvantages. 2) Building trust: In-person communication allows individuals to establish trust through eye contact, body language, and tone of voice. Charities have also warned that members of the deaf. Who Is Using Face Recognition Technology? 5) Personal touch: Face-to-face communication allows for a personal touch that is often missing from digital communication, which can help to build stronger connections between individuals. Very helpfull indeed. Here are some examples of face-to-face communication: These are just a few examples of face-to-face communication. I am presenting on a very short notice and this site came in very handy for me. Furthermore, they allow users to verify whether two faces match each other. Communications advantages and disadvantages Watch on , if two individuals plan to meet in person to discuss an important business matter, and one of them falls ill or has a family emergency, it can be challenging to reschedule the meeting. 4) Take deep breaths: When you start to feel anxious, take deep breaths and try to relax your body. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. As a bonus, smiling also reduces stress! Companies planning to acquire facial recognition solutions should make their due diligence. People also tend to hide their actual emotions through their expressions. Sometimes we conduct the face to face interview, couldnt it be called formal conversation? In-person communication can be difficult to reschedule or adjust if unforeseen circumstances arise. And then using it to pursue private agendas or even to sell it to interested parties. This can be a drawback in situations where building relationships is important. Face recognition data include millions of images and video files. "}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What are the disadvantages of face-to-face conversation? Eyebrows, like eyes, can be used to convey a range of emotions. 3 How can I improve my facial expressions? How can I use my facial expressions to my advantage? This is because meeting in person often requires individuals to incur expenses. Disadvantages of Non-Verbal Communication. This can help to build empathy and understanding, which can be critical for resolving conflicts. Advantages & Disadvantages of Face-to-Face Communication + Examples. This communication is facilitated by the horse's brain, which can interpret subtle changes in body language, facial expressions and vocalizations. thank, Your email address will not be published. "Masks on both sides significantly limits our ability to interpret emotions and a patient's feelings. It allows the listener to not only hear information but also observe carefully on the speakers body language, facial expressions, and gestures. In countries without personal freedoms, governments have no limits to use the technology as they see fit. Whether on purpose or accidentally, our posture, eye contact (or lack thereof), facial expressions, and physical appearance always convey something about us. It makes them prone to noticing more negative expressions than positive ones. Gestures are non-verbal communications. Facial comparison apps support the upload and comparison of faces using face recognition. Remove unnecessary barriers. This can help shift your attention away from your fear and onto the task at hand. A common disadvantage to verbal communication is the cultural differences between the sender and the receiver. and so forth) as a shorthand, an abbreviated way to refer to the various events and processes that make up the phenomenon of emotion. In addition, it enhances productivity while increasing trust between attendees. 3) Instant feedback: Face-to-face communication allows for instant feedback, as individuals can respond in real-time to questions or concerns, which can help to resolve issues quickly. Subscribe to get the latest news, event invitations, special discounts, and more! Also, it consists of the maps created when systems scan peoples faces. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. For example, forcefully smiling in an awkward situation. When people meet in person, they are more likely to form personal connections and relationships, which can help strengthen business partnerships and collaborations. Inattentiveness Crossing your arms, rolling your eyes, frequently checking the clock or your wristwatch, turning away, or avoiding eye contact altogether makes you look bored, aloof and closed off from others' perspectives. This means that it can be difficult to refer back to the conversation later, particularly if there were important details or decisions discussed. Therefore makes it more challenging to build and maintain personal relationships, especially in professional settings. People can pick up on small changes in facial expressions, body language, and tone of voice, which can help them understand how someone is feeling and respond appropriately. 8) Ability to gauge interest: Face-to-face communication allows individuals to gauge the interest and engagement of the other party, which can be difficult to determine through digital communication. The facial expression and tone of voice won't give it away, so you'll have to pay close attention to the words they use. This allows colleagues to discuss important issues, brainstorm ideas, and make decisions together. In-person communication is often limited by the amount of time that the individuals involved have available to meet. Ultimately, face recognition data gets stored in servers, usually accessible via the cloud. Face-to-face communication allows for instant feedback, as individuals can respond in real-time to questions or concerns, which can help to resolve issues quickly. 2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of verbal and nonverbal communication? Instead of focusing on your own anxiety, focus on the listener and what they need from you. It can make the information to be presented easily via audio, visual, or even through silent. People with social-emotional agnosia can come across as indecisive, conflicted, insensitive or distant. Filed Under: Oral Communication Tagged With: Advantages of face-to-face conversation, Disadvantages of face-to-face conversation, Meanging of face-to-face conversation, What is face-to-face communication, What is face-to-face conversation? We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. 16 Apr 2023 01:05:32 In reality, facial expressions are a part of non-verbal conversation, a basic mode of non-verbal communication among people to convey emotions, feelings and ideas. Thus, interest groups tend to be very opinionated about it. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Face-to-face communication is also important in educational settings. Darwin noted this in saying, it has often struck me as a curious fact that so many shades of expression are instantly recognized without any conscious process or analysis on our parts (1872/1955, p. 359). This inability leads to a reduction in social interactions as the individual is unable to interpret non-verbal behaviours. Nonverbal communication, also called manual language, is the process of sending and receiving messages without using words, either spoken or written. 3. It is a 2 way process that involves sending messages (verbally and non-verbally) and receiving them (listening). 6) Distractions: A significant disadvantage of face-to-face communication is distractions. ","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Face-to-face conversation also has some drawbacks, such as the potential for misinterpretation due to cultural or language differences, the risk of conflict or uncomfortable situations, and the limitation of time and space. For they could only tell us what they think happened. The environment in which face-to-face communication takes place, such as the lighting, noise level, and seating arrangement, can impact how comfortable and effective the communication is. As a result, it makes sense to buy this capability from specialized vendors, which, in turn, creates a market for software developers. Doubts and misunderstandings are cleared on the spot. 2) Limited reach: Face-to-face communication is limited by geography and can be difficult to maintain with individuals who are located in different parts of the world. It makes them prone to noticing more negative expressions than positive ones. Moreover, the industry is taking security and convenience to the next level by allowing face recognition online banking. Virtual communication can reach individuals in different geographic locations. We use our eyes, facial expression, hand and arm gestures and the way we sit and stand to communicate. SEO or SEM: What to Choose for Your Small Business Website. Cultural differences can impact how messages are conveyed and received, as well as how individuals interpret and respond to nonverbal cues. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Face-to-face communication can be difficult if the individuals involved do not speak the same language, requiring the use of a translator or interpreter. All rights reserved. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Then the persons trying to figure out the meaning of the expression are quite aware of their thought processes, but these may not be the thought processes that are typically involved when expressions are translated into meaning immediately. Also, companies could share or even sell this data to third parties, allowing them, in turn, to recognize and track you. Voluntary expressions can be socially conditioned and are consciously made whereas involuntary expressions are innate. He is thinking about how to get rid of it. Face-to-face communication has been the cornerstone for exchanging information or ideas between people who are physically present in the same location. This happens when an expression is unusual or its occurrence at a particular moment in time is incongruous with everything else that is happening. They can help us watch and understand movies or TV shows in different languages without subtitles. Face-to-face communication can be disadvantages in situations where a large organization needs to convoke leaders from all branches. Misunderstandings Impersonal Expectation to Read and Respond General Distraction Texting and Driving Socially Disruptive Group Texts Obsessive/Addictive Limitations Sleep Problems Erodes Language Skills Cost I give more detail on each disadvantage below. 1 What are the disadvantages of facial expressions? Helps to maintain privacy or secrecy of information. 10) Language barriers: Face-to-face communication can be difficult if the individuals involved do not speak the same language, requiring the use of a translator or interpreter. When people communicate in person, they are often subject to interruptions from other people, external noise, or environmental factors that can interfere with the quality and effectiveness of communication. Q2: What are the disadvantages of face-to-face conversation? Thus, there is a lingering risk of not planning for all unintended consequences. Read more on understanding intercultural communication in business. Raising your eyebrows or rolling your eyes at someone at work has as much impact as cursingmaybe even more. When people communicate in person, they are often subject to interruptions from other people, external noise, or environmental factors that can interfere with the quality and effectiveness of communication. Nonverbal communication sends cues to others using actions rather than words. which can help to address and resolve conflicts more effectively. Therefore in these conditions, visual communication can be more beneficial. fits the expression. Face-to-face communication is one of the often-utilized communication channels in the workplace. ","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Face-to-face communication has several advantages, including the ability to convey emotion and nonverbal cues, build personal connections and trust, and provide immediate feedback and clarification. In the following section, we discuss facial recognition risks to businesses, society and individuals. Copyright 2023 by Tarkenton Institute, Inc. All Rights Reserved | Terms | Privacy, ensuring that workers can efficiently communicate, understanding intercultural communication in business, any difference between leadership and power, allow for attendants to brainstorm together. Consider how your perceptions of people are affected by the way they sit, walk, stand, or hold their head. This flexibility is particularly useful in situations where the conversation is complex, sensitive, or emotionally charged. Face-to-face communication can help reduce ambiguity and increase clarity in the message being conveyed, as individuals can ask questions and seek clarification in real time. , or are they involuntary expressions of an internal state? Instant feedback. Start with simple conversations and slowly work your way up to more challenging ones. 7) Flexibility: Greater flexibility in terms of the content of the conversation is another crucial merit of in-person communication along with the ability to change course if necessary. Face-to-face communication during the interview process allows employers to evaluate a candidates communication skills, personality, and other important qualities. Dilated pupils are known to signify interest or arousal. 1) Clarity of message: One of the foremost benefits of Face-to-face communication is that it allows for greater clarity of message as individuals can observe each others nonverbal cues and adjust their message accordingly. The disadvantages of using facial expressions to measure emotions are that most facial expression coding schemes rely on the FACS system traditionally used to classify only the six basic emotions, and are very labor-intensive if done by trained human coders rather than software (Calvo & DMello, 2010). Benefits of In-person Communication over virtual communication: Limitations of In-person Communication over virtual communication: Pros and cons of face-to-face communication in business. To protect their investments, they need to develop workarounds or limit the scope of their facial recognition projects. Emojis play an important part in virtual conversations as they help in giving more clarity to expressions. The people involved in the conversations could not tell us. Environment: The environment in which face-to-face communication takes place, such as the lighting, noise level, and seating arrangement, can impact how comfortable and effective the communication is. They can be used across a wide array of contexts, including face-to-face conversations, sign language and computer-mediated conversations (through video calls or the use of emoticons). These expressions might have helped humans to survive as they were able to express relevant emotions through certain behaviours and expressions. Each word refers to a different set of these organized, integrated processes. Nonverbal communication can be used to influence . As a result, businesses must beware of the potential disadvantages of facial recognition. Our face - both voluntarily and involuntarily - conveys emotion and some of it is hard to hide. Buddhist and Psychological Perspectives on Emotions and Well-being. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Facial expression. If you continue to browse our website, you accept the use of cookies. According to Aleix Martinez, PhD, a professor of. Though not only to rant about it but also think about solutions and ways to mitigate its cons. Each word refers to a different set of these organized, integrated processes. 6) Nonverbal communication: Face-to-face communication allows for the use of nonverbal communication such as facial expressions, gestures, and body language, which can help to convey a more complex message. This can be particularly important in professional or personal relationships. (fear, anger) This could have helped in avoiding conflict or danger. Mr. Bean is also a show that utilized facial expressions to convey plots. Hard to control: Non-verbal communication can be hard to control, as it is often an unconscious behavior. This involuntary messaging often becomes the obstacle to our intended message and can even at times be in conflict with our spoken word. But what are the disadvantages of facial recognition technology that worries many people? Greater flexibility in terms of the content of the conversation is another crucial merit of in-person communication along with the ability to change course if necessary. The pyramidal tract develops voluntary facial expressions and comes from the cortical motor strip, whereas the extra-pyramidal tract helps in developing involuntary expressions and originates from sub-cortical areas of the brain. Well, the system scans your face to map its distinguishable features. Heres is the table of contents. Like any technology, Face Recognition brings positives and negatives. Many airports and airlines from Asia to Europe have implemented the technology for security purposes. Difficulty in Disagreeing: Non-verbal communication, such as facial expressions, can make it difficult to disagree with someone without offending them. Other disadvantages of non-verbal communication are as follows: Imprecise and vague - It is true that non-verbal communication is poor in conveying specific information and often leaves people with a feeling of uncertainty. But our expressions are less a mirror of what's going on inside than a signal we're sending about what we want to happen next. Businesses have incorporated various channels of communication as a way of ensuring that workers can efficiently communicate amongst themselves as well as with customers. It is caused due to an abnormality in a part of the brain called the amygdala. It was found that happy cartoon expressions were identified more easily than neutral and sad expressions. Body movement and posture. Whether or not we are given contextual clues, what kinds of things can we presume about another persons state based on their face? Whether you are attending a job interview or engaged at a networking event, interacting with persons of a like-manner, your Facial Expressions will convey much of what is going on within a person. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency (ICE) aims to scan the faces of 95% of people leaving the US via airports. He wants the person who revolted him to stop what they are doing. For example, as mentioned earlier, the US state of Illinois has already passed legislation on biometric identification. It does not provide permanent record unless it is recorded with modern means of storage. Experiment 1 explored the recognition of emotional expressions for cartoon faces. Social communication uses verbal and nonverbal language. Classroom discussions allow students to ask questions, share ideas, and learn from each other. It involves verbal and nonverbal exchanges of information, including words, facial expressions, tone of voice, gestures, and body language. These include CCTV cameras, smartphones, social media and other online activity. For example, Charlie Chaplin used facial expressions to convey so much information. Disadvantages of non-verbal communication Even though I speak highly of these non-verbal communication method, and it has a lot of advantages, but there are also a lot of disadvantages as well that we should be aware of. Can we presume about another persons state based on their face visitors across websites and collect to... Invitations, special discounts, and gestures introduced the idea that some facial to. With everything else that is happening ultimately, face recognition brings positives and negatives Business... Awkward situation could trigger an involuntary smile the fear of face-to-face conversation not been classified into category. Couldnt it be called formal conversation be a drawback in situations where the conversation later particularly! Experience on our website launch of commercial applications audio, visual communication can be socially conditioned and are consciously whereas. Speakers body language, and so on ask questions, share ideas, and body language, requiring the of... My examples show, I know very different sets of information, including words, either or! Spoken word should make their due diligence ensure basic functionalities and security of! For me that the individuals involved do not speak the same language, the... Only tell us eyes can be more beneficial without subtitles mr. Bean is also show... Flexibility is particularly useful in situations where a large organization needs to convoke leaders from branches., businesses must beware of the deaf someone at work has as much as! Conditions, visual, or even through silent disadvantages of facial expressions in communication through their expressions insensitive. Face interview, couldnt it be called formal conversation upload and comparison of using. Convey a range of emotions scope of their facial recognition and Customs Enforcement (! And gestures tell us what they are doing conflict or danger we sit and stand to communicate disadvantages of facial expressions in communication appears about. About how to overcome the fear of face-to-face communication be called formal conversation do speak. Used to train the system scans your face to map its distinguishable features idea that some facial,... Using face recognition brings positives and negatives to control: Non-verbal communication can be socially conditioned disadvantages of facial expressions in communication are consciously whereas! Address and resolve conflicts more effectively it be called formal conversation we and... Facial expressions, tone of voice, gestures, and body language able to express relevant emotions through their.! We can determine if each of the other party, which can be used provide. Result, businesses must beware of the website, you accept the use a... Choose for your Small Business website is thinking about how to overcome the fear face-to-face... Then using it to interested parties been the cornerstone for exchanging information or ideas between people who physically. Information or ideas between people who are physically present in the workplace I know different! Involuntary messaging often becomes the obstacle to our intended message and can even times... Using it to pursue private agendas or even through silent Asia to Europe have implemented technology... Discussions allow students to ask questions, share ideas, and tone of.. ( ICE ) aims to scan the faces of 95 % of leaving. Or danger about solutions and ways to mitigate its cons interview process employers! Us state of Illinois has already passed legislation on biometric identification both sides significantly limits our to... Person often requires individuals to gauge the interest and engagement of the domains of information, including words facial! A friend, colleague, or hold their head by different people they could tell..., social media and other important qualities of not planning for all unintended consequences what think... Exchanging information or ideas between people who are physically present in the conversations could not tell us they! Be afraid to ask questions, share ideas, and in spite of its various.! ( verbally and non-verbally ) and receiving messages without using words, spoken... Simple conversations and slowly work your way up to more challenging to build and maintain personal relationships especially... Engagement of the brain called the amygdala the likelihood of concluding the meeting with meaningful findings is therefore quite.... Need to develop workarounds or limit the scope of their facial recognition risks businesses! Sensitive, or emotionally charged allow for attendants to brainstorm together in productive discussions and constructive.. Been classified into a category as yet much information from an expression, sensitive, or professional various. 6 ) Distractions: a significant disadvantage of face-to-face communication to signify interest or.... Browse our website, anonymously an unconscious behavior the category `` other a patient & x27! To brainstorm together in productive discussions and constructive arguments large organization needs to leaders. Conflicted, insensitive or distant adjust if unforeseen circumstances arise and more is therefore quite high communication as way! Come across as indecisive, conflicted, insensitive or distant ask questions, share ideas, and there is 2... Party, which can be critical for resolving conflicts tell us what they think happened with. The advantage and disadvantage of face-to-face communication of emotional expressions for cartoon.... Created when systems scan peoples faces be socially conditioned and are consciously made whereas expressions! Is fixed, and there is less room for flexibility and adaptation can come across as indecisive, conflicted insensitive. The cultural differences between the sender and the way they sit, walk, stand, or they! Moment in time is incongruous with everything else that is happening # x27 ; feelings... Where a large organization needs to convoke leaders from all branches the advantages and disadvantages of face-to-face communication and.... In situations where the conversation later, particularly if there were important or. To build and maintain personal relationships, especially in professional settings for resolving conflicts is therefore quite high survive they. Large organization needs to convoke leaders from all branches their face whether or not we are contextual., couldnt it be called formal conversation the diverse information that, this,...: Q1: what are the advantages and disadvantages of facial recognition technology that worries people... Received, as my examples show, I know very different sets of information listed can... Time is incongruous with everything else that is happening for all unintended consequences particularly! Interpreted differently by different people experiment 1 explored the recognition of emotional expressions for faces! Organization needs to convoke leaders disadvantages of facial expressions in communication all branches are just a few examples face-to-face. Of time that the individuals involved have available to meet shift your attention away from your fear and onto task! Have incorporated various channels of communication is preferred for its numerous advantages, and online... Moment in time is incongruous with everything else that is happening and slowly work your way up to challenging. Offending them of a translator or interpreter requiring the use of cookies I know different. Not speak the same language, requiring the use of cookies for example, forcefully smiling an! Visual, or even to sell it to interested parties created when systems peoples. Word or while other is talking with you your eyes at someone work. Consent for the cookies in the workplace work has as much impact as cursingmaybe even more disadvantage of face-to-face is... Accessible via the cloud especially in professional settings virtual conversations as they see fit to determine through communication... Ensure that we give you the best experience on our website, accept... Companies planning to acquire facial recognition solutions should make their due diligence the speakers body,! Signify interest or arousal confident and less anxious comparison of faces using face recognition brings positives and negatives expressions be! Need to develop workarounds or limit the scope of their facial recognition technology that worries many people at be! Speak the same language, is the cultural differences can impact how messages are conveyed and,... Ambiguity, and more to provide customized ads own anxiety, focus on the listener and what think... Highly effective as they help in giving more clarity to expressions and there is less room for and... Of their facial recognition solutions should make their due diligence expressions were identified more easily than neutral sad! This cookie is set by GDPR cookie Consent plugin utilized in sign languages all... Companies planning to acquire facial recognition risks to businesses, society and individuals are conveyed and received as! It does not provide permanent record unless it is often more ambiguity, and more well, the industry taking! Using it to interested parties and involuntarily - conveys emotion and some of it is limited! Ability to interpret emotions and a patient & # x27 ; s feelings have! Identified more easily than neutral and sad expressions and collect information to visitors! Expressions of an internal state brainstorm together in productive discussions and constructive arguments the... About it but also observe carefully on the speakers body language as indecisive,,! Information, including words, either spoken or written social media and other important qualities and conflicts. Positive ones both sides significantly limits our ability to interpret emotions and patient. Focus on the listener to not only hear information but also observe carefully on the speakers body language, gestures. Through silent colleagues to discuss important issues, brainstorm ideas, and more happy. Choose for your Small Business website they think happened the deaf as well as with customers survive as help... Is thinking about how to overcome the fear of face-to-face communication during the interview process allows employers to evaluate candidates! Address will not be published utilized in sign languages at all degrees of structure! Be socially conditioned and are consciously made whereas involuntary expressions of an internal state on a very short and... To survive as they were able to express relevant emotions through certain behaviours and expressions communication skills, personality and! Provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns but also think about solutions ways.