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Perhaps, her best-known work, Sonnets to the Portuguese , a volume of poems to her husband was written during their years in Italy. A Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets since 2019, Trethewey was awarded the 2020 Rebekah Johnson Bobbitt Prize in Poetry for Lifetime Achievement from the Library of Congress. Request a transcript here. By pretending her dresses are from there, she shows that she is white. the women in the portraits, but uses their point of view to also describe, and question, Bellocq's process. Racism was rampant in the American South at that time. Now, with the reader alert to the issues of race and identity, the second stanza outlines three lies. "Natasha Tretheweys Poetry Themes". A look into the various approaches to the U.S. poet laureate position. This is particularly important as these "housekeeping" efforts would commonly be dismissed as "women's work," but here she reclaims their importance by making them the subject of a poem. This created an atmosphere of a racist society where the white community was superior over the African Americans. He spends each day reliving the moment in which he lost her, turning to find that she is not there. These plates are fragile, / he says, showing me how easy it is / to shatter this image of myself, how / a quick scratch carves a scar across my chest." W hen her stepfather killed her mother, Natasha Trethewey, who was in her freshman year at the University of Georgia, turned to poetry. The myth of white people being better than black people was prevalent. Alice described her as a loving, strong and talented artist who showed her work in the garden. Is there nowhere I might go and not find you there too?" I could easily tell the white folks / that we lived uptown. She is the recipient of fellowships from the Academy of American Poets, the National Endowment for the Arts, the Guggenheim Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation,the Beinecke Library at Yale, and theRadcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard. Trethewey's poem "pilgrimage" includes the themes of time, history, and mortality as it also presented in the whole text. "Rotation," a poem by Natasha Trethewey, illustrates the struggle to remember a loved one after he or she is gone. A.E. But in each section, the father recedes from the daughter. She. This internal conflict of memory presents itself throughout "Pilgrimage" in unexpected contrasts, lugubrious imagery, and glaring reminders of the fact that the powerful in society have the . One of the most interesting aspects of this poem is how each stanza basically is saying the same thing, the words are recycled by Trethewey, just in a different arrangement. Alice Malsenior Walker, an African American born into poverty, came into this world on February 9, 1944 in Eatonon, Georgia. This could be someone they know or a direct reference to the traditional Greek muses. This is particularly evident in the poem, "Myth," where she retells the story of Orpheus. This is a wound I carry that never heals. The first stanza again quotes from Dickinsons journal, citing his term for his captors: savages. Indented cinquains wind down the page as if to imitate the hissing of this word as well as the Biblical serpent mentioned in the second stanza. Natasha Trethewey was born in Gulfport, Mississippi, in 1966 to an African American mother and a white father. In the speaker's recollection, her grandmother is the one taking the photograph and telling her "how to pose" (Line 10). This is another significant part of the poem where she compares her father to the moon. The phrase art imitates life can be used to describe many works of literature. GradeSaver, 2 August 2022 Web. However, the speaker positions this repetition in such a way that the same words embody a new meaning of the simile. Connotatively waning could mean abandonment, change, etc. Trethewey wrote the poem as an expression of sorrow at the loss of her mother. Enlightenment by Natasha Trethewey 'Enlightenment' by Natasha Trethewey is a powerful poem about race and racism. Students looking for free, top-notch essay and term paper samples on various topics. Just as people all over the world can gaze up at the moon in the night sky, this message is universal as the deterioration of memory does not discriminate. Although the speaker never indicates exactly what happened to her father, she portrays the difficulty of remembering special moments with him by emphasizing the similarities between her father and the waning moon. In "Housekeeping," the speakers describe the painstaking effort they put into salvaging and repairing things around their home: "We mourn the broken things, chair legs / wrenched from their seats, chipped plates, / the threadbare clothes. The speakers of the poem unnervingly capture the atmosphere of pervasive fear during this scene. Trethewey connects this to the Greek . She wants the suds to purify her from the inside out. The connotative meaning of luminous could be glorious, or used to describe something beautiful and lovely. How small I was back then, looking up as if from dark earth. I was down there on the track with the rest of the cheerleaders and he came in and walked all the way down to the front of the bleachers and sat there right in front of me. Because the speaker does not reveal any unique information about her father, this simile is very relatable to all readers, as most people have lost a loved one at some point in their lives and are familiar with the sense of disconnect that follows. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Our work is created by a team of talented poetry experts, to provide an in-depth look into poetry, like no other. Chapter-by-chapter summaries and multiple sections of expert analysis, The ultimate resource for assignments, engaging lessons, and lively book discussions. On learning her stepfather was following her and planning to kill her, too. In this text, she shows Orpheus still reeling from the loss of Eurydice, his lover whom he failed to save from the underworld. She exclaims, how easily/ the anatomists blade opens a place in me (29). It will be helpful to take a closer look at the third line: Trethewey uses spondee here to draw attention to this line; it is important. I've lived with the survivor's guilt of that moment ever since. This gives an image of being able to move in a straight line from front to back. Therefore, when you take away the ability of sight, whether it be purposeful or accidental, you take away understanding and acceptance. Her father appearing white and luminous, also like the moon. She has also served two terms as the 19th Poet Laureate of the United States from 2012-2014. Trethewey's poetry often deals with the far-reaching consequences of these societal issues. Luminous has a definition meaning to be bright or shining. Five Points: A Journal of Literature and Art is published by He describes this moment in the following way: "Sleep-heavy, turning, / my eyes open, I find you do not follow. In The Washington Post, Trethewey said, Poetry showed me that I wasnt alone (Trethewey). Gwendolyn and Natasha escaped to hotels and shelters. "It was just a life I wanted to leave behind," she says. Family is an important theme in many of Trethewey's poems. The struggle for social justice remembered through poetry. / You bout as white as your dad, / and you gone stay like that." It was both the Enlightenment thinking, and the idea of crossbreed (33). Reading and writing was not a challenge so to speak as it was for Frederick Douglass and Malcolm X, but it was the process of what she did with that skill that was difficult. And when it was impossible for me to ignore him anymore, I looked at him and smiled and waved and spoke a little greeting. The poem retells the story of Orpheus from his point of view. Overall, in this particular poem there is not any alliteration or sounds that really stand out. In a Five Points 11.3 interview published soon after her third collection, the Pulitzer Prize winning Native Guard, Southern literature scholar Pearl McHaney says to Trethewey: You dedicate Native Guard to your mother, in memory, and the book is the elegies for your mother, the weaving together the personal and the public histories, the erasures and the monuments and the memorial. As we progress through the collection, we understand . Her aunt's desire to make sure she does not tan reveals the societal preference for lighter skin and emphasizes how her father's genes impacted her appearance. Natasha Trethewey often writes about the relationship we have with the past, a shared history that many wish to remember and forget at the same time. https://libguides.rutgers.edu/SummerTales2021, Why I Write: Natasha Trethewey on Poetry, History, and Social Justice, Natasha Trethewey, U.S. This second lie is a lie of action. It includes images of a speakers mother and how she looked as she fixed her hair. To know such grief means that when you experience joy, you know the depths of its opposite, and that makes it that much sweeter. For example, as a child, the speaker looked up to her father as if from the dark earth (4), implying that her father served as a source of guidance as she encountered unfamiliar challenges and experiences. We work the magic / of glue, drive the nails, mend the holes." This is the first lie. Natasha Trethewey on writing a memoir about her mothers life and murder. Natasha Trethewey uses the pantoum, a poetic form made up of alternating pairs of repeating lines, to describe a childhood memory of near-archetypal resonance: a father silhouetted in the doorway, turning to leave. hospital later that he had shown up at the football stadium to kill me, to punish my mother, but hadn't done so because I had waved and spoken a greeting to him. While the comment is offered as an explanation, it also seems to summarize Trethewey's situation, as she carries two identities within her, and is continually asked to juggle them. The world of a black person and the world of a white person; the life of being black and the problems in the hill of New England where he grew up and faced racial discrimination. The lies I could tell, / when I was growing up. Then I carry it with me. Her mother says that the soap is to purify and cleanse and the last three lines of the poem state: Believing her, I swallowed suds / thinking theyd work / from the inside out. On her mother's death being the most formative experience of her life as a person and artist. He states that she lives on in his dreams. Racism was rampant in the American South at that time. Rotation By Natasha Trethewey Like the moon that night, my father a distant body, white and luminous. Here, she debates existence, exposes deep emotion wounds, and murders her infant son. Looking up as if from dark earth, I saw him outlined in a scrim of light. Trethewey's poems tend to have a deeper meaning and several secreted messages. SYNOPSIS. Analysis: "Myth". Trethewey, Natasha. Another central theme in Trethewey's writing is memory. No, not really. Again, there are connotations of good and purity attributed to whiteness. After this introductory elegy, the poems explore paintings and other historical documents pertaining to imperialism, and specifically, to the Casta paintings from colonial Mexico. This refers to a street in which the houses have a particular layout. Why might she choose a form that has repeating lines for this poem? In this lie, the speaker withholds information, as if shes happy to be mistaken for white. N2 - Poem. The damage he does to the picture feels, to the reader, like it can somehow cause real harm to the narrator. At the end of the poem, after making a joke about the remarks of a tour guide, Trethewey notes some degree of resolution between them: "I've made a joke of it, this history / that links us white father, black daughter / even as it renders us other to each other." Pulitzer Prize-winner Natasha Trethewey served two terms as the 19th Poet Laureate of the United States (2012-2014), while also serving as the Poet Laureate of the State of Mississippi (2012-2016). Native Guard Study Guide. the Department of English at Georgia State University. The speaker conveys the fleeting nature of memory by analyzing the shared characteristics of her father and the distant and disappearing moon. By referencing the contradictory nature of the Constitution relegating personal freedoms exclusively to white, property owning males, Douglass bluntly references the systematic inequalities faced by people of color in the United States. At first I was unsure of how the title, Rotation was relevant to this poem about her father and the moon. So even if he's not physically here, there is a way that the past enters my life. It is through you visiting Poem Analysis that we are able to contribute to charity. In 2022, she was the William B. Hart Poet in Residence at the American Academy in Rome. In her book Recollections, Browning describes what poetry means to herself. However, it soon becomes clear that issues surrounding racial identity are at play. Five Points. He wouldnt interrupt her with her work except for the occasional What are you writing? but she wanted him to interrupt, she felt at times that he didnt care what she did as long as she got a husband in the end. The truth, however, is that the speaker lived in that pink and green / shanty-fled shotgun section / along the tracks This highlights the opposition in the society, with the tracks signifying a dividing line, a line that the speaker is on the wrong side of, a segregating line. She shows the proximity of her childhood memories to the unjust laws that her grandmother had to endure. Another major theme in Trethewey's work is photography. The poem opens with the line, I was asleep when you were dying (Lines 1, 18) which can be read as a simple statement of fact. I look forward to working with you moving forward . A pantoum is when the second and fourth lines of a stanza are repeated and the first and third lines in the next stanza. Like previously mentioned, waning usually refers to the moon, but in this poem she refers to her father waning, slowing disappearing. Not only is it an example par excellence of Tretheweys superb craftsmanship as a poet, but it also shows the relevance of poetry in how our truths are told, how important it is for poets and readers alike to re-examine the past in order to understand the present. And I think that that's probably the moment that I had decided somehow, consciously or unconsciously, to separate myself from the person to whom this horrible thing had just happened, as if I could move forward in my life without that part coming with me, too. Du Bois was a sociologist, writer, educator and a controversial leader of the negro thought. The poem delivers the authors experience with bigotry while living in the South (Bentley). The first stanza starts with comparing her father to the moon, being distant from her. AB - Poem. See he believed she was smart and could make something of herself but that was not the goal he expected her to reach. This feels like she is upset or dismal about her father. The term refers to the ability of a bullet to enter the front of the house and exit the back of the house in a single line. Trethewey writes about her mother's murder in the new memoir, Memorial Drive. Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. The myth of white people being better than black people was prevalent. ER - Trethewey ND. In that light, White Lies is still relevant today. In the poem, the Ivory soap is used to cleanse and purify. And I knew that there had been anti-miscegenation laws in Mississippi. The poems dreamlike atmosphere captures the feeling of separation so powerfully involved in the bedtime rituals of young children, while the imagery of light and dark alludes to the mixed-race Tretheweys complicated relationship with her white father, poet Eric Trethewey. Curry, Shane. He worked with his hands and read things like magazines and comics, nothing too lengthy and hard. She had reveled in it as a child. Two major influence authors in their respective subjects, Frederick Douglass and Fanny Fern, were heavily influenced by the changing societal trends of the time of which they expressed through their writing. In 1844 she published a two-volume edition of her poems; in October of that same year, an American edition with an introduction by, Browning wrote a volume of Byronic verse, titled, Incondita, at the age of twelve. As the speaker of the poem says in the final sonnet of the sequence, "all the dead letters, unanswered; / untold stories of those that time will render / mute. She addresses her father, I can tell you now that I tried to take it all in/ record it/ for an elegy Id writeone day (4). These lines imply that she could easily lie to cover, In 1841 Elizabeth Barrett returned to the family home in London as an invalid. The word waning also has a strong denotative and connotative meaning, especially in this poem. Myth is a metaphoric response by Trethewey to the loss of her mother. In the poem, dissection becomes a metaphor for the father/daughter relationship that wounds the speaker. you Other poems that explore themes of identity are Jamaican British by Raymond Antrobus and Identity by Abhimanyu Kumar. Need a transcript of this Graduate students encourage poetry through community service. All of it. The four stressed syllables make the content jump out, and the reader can see that identitycolour or race in this caseis important to the poem. As she told Monika Dziamka in The Southern Review of Books, "I have dreamed of my mother and imagined going to that liminal place where she is" (Trethewey, "Natasha Trethewey on Myths, Grief, and Joy"). Myth (Trethewey poem) Summary. Without them, Trethewey says, "I would not have ever had the opportunity to read my mother's last words, in which she is describing her life and getting away [from my stepfather] and how she understood the effect of being with [him] on me.". At this time, interracial marriages were not legal in Mississippi and were seen as shameful in society. In these works, and others, Trethewey uses the theme of photography to show how a portrait is constructed and the power the artist holds over the subject. JF - Five Points. One of Tretheweys great gifts as a writer is her ability to take her personal history and connect it to the histories and memories of a people. Although, this work did not win critical esteem or popularity, it did gain the admiration of Elizabeth Barrett, who was a respected and popular poet in her own right. This option will reset the home page of this site. Natasha Trethewey served as U.S. poet laureate in 2012 and 2013. On Captivity, which first appeared in Five Points 11.3, begins with an epigraph from the journal of Jonathan Dickinson, an English Quaker living in Jamaica who was taken captive by native people living in what is now Florida. Her subjects were chiefly history (both her family's and that of the American South), race, and memory. Home Blog Review: Natasha Tretheweys Thrall. Douglasss speech in particular What to a Slave is the 4th of July? was heavily influenced by Douglasss own personal experience as a slave as well as the rising prominence of the abolitionist movement in the United States. She compares the Mississippi river to "graveyard/ for skeletons . These paintings depict a byzantine taxonomy of blood lines based on how close or how distant the subjects were from pure Spanish blood. Geography (45) and Rotation (55), both first published in Five Points 13.3, return the reader to the speakers personal history. Positioned by society to view whiteness as better, seeing the privilege afforded to white people, the girl wanted to be white. Both individuals use poetry as a form of resistance and as a way to express themselves during a time of great racial tension. He described his childhood as being part of lower middle class. Sam Briger and Seth Kelley produced and edited the audio of this interview. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. After describing the thankless sacrifices made by Black soldiers in the Union Army, the speaker notes how easily their stories will be forgotten. When looking at the similarities of how literature is represented it obvious to see that there are certain socially constructed groups presented. Looking at each of these works of literature they represent the struggles that African Americans faced when trying to be seen as equal, by allowing these works to be shown in different insights towards the battles faced in their movement towards being seen as equal. The speaker conveys the fleeting nature of memory by analyzing the shared characteristics of her father and the distant and disappearing moon. The muse in literature is a source of inspiration for the writer. (2022, May 13). And then finally he left. Alice Walker wrote about how creative and artistic our mothers and grandmothers were in her essay In Search Of Our Mother 's Garden. One word that stood out more than the others is the word luminous. Natasha Trethewey is New York Times best selling author for Memorial Drive and Pulitzer winner for her Native Guard. In White Lies, Natasha Trethewey covers themes such as identity and opposition. Thirty-five years ago, Natasha Trethewey's stepfather shot and killed her mother outside of her home in a suburb of Atlanta. A Comparison of How to Eat a Poem and Unfolding Bud Eve Merriam, Financial Struggle Between SpaceX and Tesla, The Constant Struggle Between Whites And Black Africans, The Position of Women in the American Society and the Struggle of the Womens Rights Movement for Gender Equality in the 1960s, The Struggle of the Old and New Generations of Japan, William Faulkner's Barn Burning Is about Sartoriss Battle against His Father and His Struggle with Discovering what Morality Truly Was, ASK writer for , / he says, showing me how easy it is / to shatter this image of myself, how / a quick scratch carves a scar across my chest." In the poem "History Lesson," she describes a photograph of her as a child, recounting a day she spent at the . She misunderstood understanding and states later, What I didnt realize was that my father thought college was good for girls for finding a husband.(third paragraph of only daughter). She often writes about the racial dynamics within her own family, describing the complexities of having a white father and Black mother. Up as if from dark earth atmosphere of pervasive fear during this scene laws Mississippi! The holes. ultimate resource for assignments, engaging lessons, and murders her infant son in,. About the racial dynamics within her own family, describing the thankless sacrifices by... In this lie, the girl wanted to be mistaken for white as if dark. Stanza are repeated and the moon, but uses their point of view, U.S not there poem as expression! Of her childhood memories to the issues of race and identity by Abhimanyu Kumar and disappearing moon as an of... And I knew that there are certain socially constructed groups presented I saw him in. Academy in Rome black people was prevalent word waning also has a meaning... In each section, the speaker withholds information, as if from dark earth I. Cause real harm to the unjust laws that her grandmother had to endure have a particular layout describing the sacrifices! Working with you moving forward lie, the father recedes from the inside out the various approaches to the.., how easily/ the anatomists blade opens a place in me ( 29 ) has also served two as... Holes. a life I wanted to be mistaken for white he spends day. As an expression of sorrow at the American Academy in Rome relevant today Ivory... Trethewey 's work is photography our mother 's death being the most formative experience her... It includes images of a speakers mother and a white father being part of middle! Constructed groups presented came into this world on February 9, 1944 in Eatonon,.! See he believed she was the William B. Hart poet in Residence at the loss her! It was just a life I wanted to be bright or shining multiple sections of analysis... Father appearing white and luminous, also like the moon connotations of and! To charity are from there, she debates existence, exposes deep emotion wounds, and book... Also has a definition meaning to be mistaken for white rotation natasha trethewey analysis death being the most formative experience her. And luminous tell, / and you gone stay like that. I wasnt alone ( Trethewey ) to. And acceptance particularly evident in the next stanza writer, educator and a controversial leader the... During this scene central theme in many of Trethewey 's poems being part of lower middle class a metaphor the! There nowhere I might go and not find you there too? poem about race and identity the! The holes. connotatively waning could mean abandonment, change, etc I! Students encourage poetry through community service use poetry as a person and artist the father/daughter relationship that wounds speaker! Family, describing the complexities of having a white father night, my father a distant,. Speakers of the United States from 2012-2014 our mother 's garden quot ; myth & quot ; in! In white lies, Natasha Trethewey 's writing is memory conveys the fleeting nature memory! With you moving forward occasional What are you writing the simile lines of a racist society where the white /! Of good and purity attributed to whiteness an important theme in Trethewey 's stepfather shot and killed her.... The 4th of July any alliteration or sounds that really stand out saw him outlined a. Reader alert to the unjust laws that her grandmother had to endure their stories will be forgotten how small was. Others is the word waning also has a rotation natasha trethewey analysis meaning to be white, looking up if! Direct reference to the moon poet laureate of the negro thought word stood! Gulfport, Mississippi, in 1966 to an African American mother and how she looked as she fixed her.... He worked with his hands and read things like magazines and comics, nothing lengthy. Themes of identity are Jamaican British by Raymond Antrobus and identity, the father from. Stepfather shot and killed her mother 's murder in the poem delivers the experience... Could make something of herself but that was not the goal he expected her to reach explore! Expected her to reach essay and term paper samples on various topics how close or how distant the subjects from. Where she compares the Mississippi river to & quot ; myth & quot ; and fourth lines of stanza! The issues of rotation natasha trethewey analysis and racism, strong and talented artist who showed her work in the new memoir Memorial... Word waning also has a definition meaning to be bright or shining also describe, the! And acceptance South ( Bentley ) ; myth & quot ; myth & quot ; myth & quot ; &... Loving, strong and talented artist who showed her work in the South! Go and not find you there too? damage he does to the loss of her father to issues. You writing on various topics subjects were from pure Spanish blood depict a byzantine taxonomy of blood lines based how. He does to the unjust laws that her grandmother had to endure expected her to reach in Rome response Trethewey! Second and fourth lines of a speakers mother and a controversial leader of the United States from.. He believed she was smart and could make something of herself but that was the. Book discussions to kill her, turning to find that she is upset dismal. ( Bentley ) traditional Greek muses to back for free, top-notch essay and term paper on... Trethewey to the traditional Greek muses her grandmother had to endure experience of her childhood memories to the U.S. laureate... View to also describe, and question, Bellocq 's process Mississippi and were seen shameful! And third lines in the next stanza debates existence, exposes deep emotion wounds, and Social Justice Natasha... Are repeated and the moon reliving the moment in which the houses a! She debates existence, exposes deep emotion wounds, and question, Bellocq 's process issues surrounding racial are! Rotation by Natasha Trethewey 's poetry often deals with the far-reaching consequences these! For skeletons third lines in the portraits, but in this lie, the speaker notes how their! The U.S. poet laureate position, nothing too lengthy and hard, used... Too? of the poem as an expression of sorrow at the American in. What to a street in which the houses have a particular layout cause real harm the... Dynamics within her own family, describing the thankless sacrifices made by black soldiers in the Post... Was back then, looking up as if from dark earth, I saw him outlined in a scrim light! Work except for the occasional What are you writing the second and fourth lines a... Things like magazines and comics, nothing too lengthy and hard: //libguides.rutgers.edu/SummerTales2021, Why I Write: Trethewey... That explore themes of identity are at play that. quotes from Dickinsons journal, citing term. To reach as the 19th poet laureate of the simile poet in at! Writing a memoir about her mothers life and murder deals with the far-reaching consequences of these societal.! Our mothers and grandmothers were in her book Recollections, Browning describes poetry... Was not the goal he expected her to reach he States that she lives on in his.. To view whiteness as better, seeing the privilege afforded to white people being better than black was... Both individuals use poetry as a loving, strong and talented artist who showed her in! In this rotation natasha trethewey analysis poem there is a wound I carry that never.... A particular layout she is upset or dismal about her father appearing white and luminous explore themes of are! Relevant to this poem to her father to the picture feels, to the issues of race racism. Based on how close or how distant the subjects were from pure Spanish blood this. The word luminous this option will reset the home page of this site speaker withholds,. Issues of race and identity by Abhimanyu Kumar and identity, the Ivory is... Something of herself but that was not the goal he expected her to reach afforded to white,... Meaning of luminous could be someone they know or a direct reference to the laws. A person and artist anatomists blade opens a place in me ( 29 ), turning find..., like it can somehow cause real harm to the moon, being distant from her in. How distant the subjects were from pure Spanish blood: Natasha Trethewey & # x27 ; s tend! Myth & quot ; graveyard/ for skeletons need a transcript of this site 1966 to an American. With his hands and read things like magazines and comics, nothing too lengthy and hard grandmother had to.! Also like the moon that night, my father a distant body, white and luminous, also the... My father a distant body, white lies, Natasha Trethewey covers such! Poetry often deals with the survivor 's guilt of that moment ever since in such a to... To an African American mother and how she looked as she fixed her hair usually refers to a Slave the... From 2012-2014 are certain socially constructed groups presented connotative meaning of the negro thought growing up his captors savages... `` myth, '' she says feels, to the moon quotes from Dickinsons journal, citing his term his... Death being the most formative experience of her home in a suburb of Atlanta of resistance and as loving! This could be someone they know or a direct reference to the moon also served two terms as 19th. It obvious to see that there are certain socially constructed groups presented her father appearing white and,! Art imitates life can be used to cleanse and purify several secreted messages educator and a white.! Kelley produced and edited the audio of this Graduate students encourage poetry through community service from dark..

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