thesis statement about beauty standards

I had just turned 16 and my mum had finally allowed me to go makeup shopping. Forget the all-nighters and find some writing inspiration with our free essay samples on any topic. and society forms the idea that these images are the ideal. Black women who have lighter skin tones and long straight hair have testified that they felt more socially accepted and validated, as they feel more confident and report more individual successes and higher self-esteem. People have different undertones and its amazing to see the growth in beauty brands and the variety of tones they cater too. this Writer, Essay On Coronavirus and Its Impact on Daily Lives of People in the USA, Free Network Security Procedures Research Paper Example, Free Network Security- Defense In Depth Research Paper Sample, Corporate Governance Amgen Pharmaceuticals Research Paper, Good Human Impacts On The Sustainability Of Ground Water Essay Example, Free National Patient Safety Goals Assessment: Speak Up Home Care Initiative Essay Sample, Marketing Plan For Bodybuilding.Com Essay Sample, Free National Football League: Responsible For Medical Costs Of Concussions After Retirement? 169 0 obj <>]/P 210 0 R/Pg 510 0 R/S/Link>> Its outrageous that we are always second in line! Ultimately, it is up to the individual to decide what is beautiful. Russello (2009) noted that Research indicates that being exposed to thin ideal images lowers self-esteem and increases the drive for thinness in women and the drive for muscularity in men (p. 4). Type of paper: Webrecognize that adherence to the beauty standard is associated with class status, through the consumption of beauty products and services as well as cosmetic surgery (Hopkins 2007; Kwan and Trautner 2009). Bibliography entry: Women feel pressured to have the perfect bodies, and we believe so many lies about what a perfect body is from the media. In order to combat European beauty standards, studies have shown that nonwhite families need to fortify cultural identities from an Afrocentric perspective rather a Eurocentric one that has proven crippling vis--vis beauty standards. endobj WebThe American standard of beauty is often reflected upon advertisements that convey an unrealistic expectation for most everyday women. This post is to encourage and to show all women are beautiful regardless of the shade of their complexion. (dHn{pT%|> [7PJQ-k[JABxpl]o <> Thesis: Standards of Beauty. Lastly, what are your thoughts about the Nivea billboard for fairer skin in Africa? Buy cheap essays or research papers now! The approval of prototypes where women are presented as a beautiful object or the winner of a beauty contest by evaluating mostly their physical attractiveness creates a faulty society, causing numerous negative effects; however, some of the most apparent consequences young and adult women encounter by beauty standards, can manifest as body dissatisfaction, eating disorders that put womens life in danger, professional disadvantage, and economic difficulty. '7w?Z_Mox e9ax5M <> Well email you the instructions on how to reset it. Do you think more needs to be done? endobj We are all about pushing a narrative of melanin beauty while dismantling industry standards. The following blog post will look at six women of colour and the challenges they have encountered in regards to beauty and their thoughts on the catastrophic Nivea skin lightening ad in Africa. 5 0 obj Simply for all skin colours and undertones to be embraced equally, whether it be in magazine spreads, on the runway or commercially. 3TCp7iy|)l[vXP?4CiI. They belong to the societys top issues here in the Philippines. Its been a part of the human story for a long time, and like it or not, beauty is not going anywhere. endobj Media portrayals of black women as sexual objects and/or objects of desire contribute to the centrality of appearances in the lives of adolescent black girls. 295 0 obj WE USE COOKIES TO IMPROVE YOUR EXPERIENCE. Certainly, the mass media over the past several decades has been aiding in the establishment of unrealistic beauty and body standards for women. 393 0 obj Our culture is overrun with images and ideas that women should look a certain way, and often value women at how they rate on that scale. Woman most often alter their weight in order to match the small slim physique of models. Thesis: Social Psychology Perspective on Domestic Violence, Impact of Digital Technology on Workplace Research Paper. Whereas, being a darker tone, youre referred to as black. WebThe answer is that the perfect body has changed over time all, all over the world, and as far as history can recall, there has always been a certain standard of beauty. I would like to see black beauty in the movies and on TV in high positions instead of looking raggedy and ghetto, I just looked at it and I think its diabolical and damn right disgusting that they would continue to push this stupid narrative that fairer is better when the majority of the population is DARK and theres nothing wrong with it. The pursuit of conformity established by the media can be difficult to manage for many women (and men, to a lesser extent), as it can set unrealistic expectations for body image and for beauty standards in general, ones that can create harmful consequences for womens self-identity, body-image, and self-esteem. Instead of school being a main priority, the youth today focuses more on enhancing the outward appearance. A thesis is an interpretation of a question or subject, not the subject itself. Many individuals took to social media to show their outrage even demanding the removal of billboards. WebThe standards of beauty are very wobble and change from decade to decade. The role of the media in body image concerns, Oranges, C. M., Schaefer, K. M., Gohritz, A., Haug, M., & Schaefer, D. J. <>]/P 346 0 R/Pg 537 0 R/S/Link>> Many people feel beauty is only something seen by the eyes. The foundations would not have even worked as a highlight colour. Its amazing how companies are still trying to advertise that fairer skin is more beautiful than darker skin! Do you restate your thesis in the conclusion Get your paper done Today. This is done by men and, Women of all ages, especially numerous college-age women embrace unlikely ideals of what their body size and shape essentially should be. 170 0 obj Accessed April 18, 2023. https://www.wepapers.com/samples/beauty-standards-argumentative-essay-example/, WePapers. endobj WebBeauty is a matter of opinion, formed at a young age by the people around one, the environment, and the media. TO LEARN Aforementioned earlier, a major beauty standard in South Korea is having pale skin, since lighter skin equates to not having to work outdoors, which in turn, is associated with higher social statuses. I think every brand has room for improvement and the more noise we make the more they will hear us and cater to us, Id like to see black women have roles that depict, a family unit, success and liberation. The CCS are clear, concise and consistent standards. endobj Kenneth and Mamie Clark conducted an experiment during the 1940s in order to assess how skin color affects the self-perception and self-regard amongst non-white children. This study became known as the Doll Test and became famous when it was cited in the significant court case decision entitled Brown v. Board of Education in 1954. Due to beauty, our self-esteem has been hurt dramatically, especially towards girls. Lets step back into time, Marilyn Monroe was considered as perfect with her all-American features; blonde hair and blue eyes. The thought of having a glorious mane of kinky, coily hair was horrifying to the media and the representation of a woman of colour in advertising was extremely marginalized. When we went home and applied it we looked like ghosts! Its also appalling that a worldwide brand like Nivea thats known across the world created these products. People develop eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia in efforts to try to be skinnier. WebA. Moral tolerability of taking a fetus life is the fundamental standpoint through which arguments and counter arguments revolve. [Accessed April 18, 2023]. MORE ABOUT OUR PRIVACY AND COOKIE POLICY, SEE USER AGREEMENT. The dedication and alterations women have made to eating less, living, moving, and speaking differently is to satisfy the stereotypes and sexual desires that live. Skin Color, Identity and Black Female Beauty.. Dove faced an enormous backlash with women threatening to boycott their products. Though we do have a long way to go, at least its a start! Not just Black women in the world of modelling have encountered issues with makeup, I for one have come across issues such as my undertone not being taken into consideration. This is clearly a disturbing trend that can have a multitude of effects on womens health. Every year millions of people do plastic surgery to make themselves more beautiful and appealing. WebIt has been found that overall the beauty industry has a negative effect on a womans self-esteem, body image, and perception of beauty. Thesis Statement: Beauty standards can cause a great deal and risk to people in society, and are a ridicule of every woman in America; instead of letting beauty standards be socially acceptable, people should be aware of the harm that they can cause and that they are, ultimately, unrealistic. You should feel comfortable and beautiful in the skin God created for you. Policy. endobj An African country could never enter a land unbeknownst to them and pollute the majority with their own ideologies, doctrines and practices on how a group of people should view themselves so why do WE allow this to happen in our beloved Africa?! When the media reinforces an unrealistic body image and beauty standard, the failure to live up to that ideal often correlates with a decrease in self-esteem. Now you can download documents directly to your device. 2 0 obj Nivea need to stop trying to control our people to sell products, its degrading and actually mental slavery. This is not by choice, but rather that our minds have been infiltrated with the notion that white is right for close to 500 years now and this in turn determines the actions of many black people which leads them into thinking that whitening their skin will brighten their futures (literally), improve their overall quality of life and unfortunately make them more beautiful. Society has fueled the media and holds responsibility for letting the media create a lack of confidence and desire to change in women; although, the media today is hard at work to create a solution. The patriarchy and the male gaze dictate the ideal female which is depicted on television, in movies, and in magazines. In this regard, this paper shall argue for the stance that the standards of beauty that the television depicts are of such a nature that they have adverse implications on the viewers. Web1. However, with the increase of media exposure since the latter half of the 20th century, there has been a shift toward a more universal concept of beauty, one that oftentimes creates an unfair standard to which young women, in particular, feel they have to conform. Women try to erase any unwanted features from themselves that appear as unacceptable in mens modern society today. To also know that their billboard was advertised in my country of origin (Ghana) saddened me deeply. The subjective element of beauty involves judgment, not opinion. How did you feel? Meaning having more makeup lines appeal to all women of colour, taking better care of our skin, and educating ourselves. WePapers. Yet I identify proudly as a black woman. What is known about beauty standards is that they vary a great deal across time and culture. 15 0 obj Most devastatingly, however, is the fact that racialized beauty standards impact the spousal status of black women. One shade was ashy grey and the second one was very red toned. Thesis statements are necessary so that readers can identify the point and/or argument of your paper early in the paper. Finding the right shade was difficult as women of colour come in different hues from caramel to mahogany, makeup brands such as Iman and Black up catered for Black women. and that you have read our Privacy Perceived attractiveness indeed correlated with employment status as attractive people in conjunction with European standards receive more employment and education opportunities than those who do not visibly conform (Robinson-Moore 68). 157 0 obj I have also heard of women of colour mixing foundation shades to get the correct shade. People in the western world are seeing the value of Africa and Africans, yet Some Africans do not see the beauty in themselves. However, beauty has always been quite relative, the sense of human beauty is submerged beneath layers of emotional, rational and social development and the perception of beauty may become different as tastes change. By Nivea encouraging consumers to buy their product came off as whatever skin colour you are basically in isnt enough and that we should go lighter. Also for women young and old to know that that your skin is rich and beautiful. 312 0 obj WebAccording to Britton (2012), last 2008, YWCA USA developed a report Beauty at Any Cost wherein they discuss the consequences of beauty obsession of every woman in America. As new generations arise, ideas, Media has an influence on beauty standards throughout the world. Mention a time where you struggled to find the right foundation shade or any other beauty product to match your complexion. As far the fashion industry goes we have chosen to think that as long as what we are wearing can be considered sexy and feminine that it is acceptable despite if it makes us uncomfortable. Prince 9.0 rev 5 (www.princexml.com) Popular culture frequently tells society, what is supposed to recognize and accept as beauty, and even though beauty is a concept that differs on all cultures and modifies over time, society continues to set great importance on what beautiful means and the significance of achieving it; consequently, most women aspire to achieve beauty, occasionally without measuring the consequences on their emotional or physical being. In 2015 Lancme catered a shade for darker skin women called Teinte Idole Ultra 24h which was championed by Lupita, this was progress for women of colour as the foundation range complimented different hues. Check your email! Beauty is not always about our outside looks but its about our inside personality also. In some parts of the world, many men and women still feel the need to lighten their skin complexion. endobj It can be very discouraging to compare ourselves to those unrealistic standards. Do you think the standard of beauty in the media has changed or do you think we still have a long way to go? 305 0 obj q^z_,nFm1== WebWhen the mass media sets unrealistic standards for beauty and body image, women are encouraged to emulate this standard; the implication is that this standard correlates with financial success, attraction, fame, and quality of life. Lupita once commented I grew up thinking light skin and straight hair were the standards of beauty but I now embrace dark skin and kinky coily hair. The relationship between media literacy and the responsible consumption of popular culture is perhaps more significant than it is generally given credit to be. WebA. Last month the Dove advert which caused an international outcry and uproar which shows a black woman lifting up her top to show a white woman. In 2016, the market for legal skin whitening products was $5.6 billion in China alone. old lady. In case this is not enough to quench the thirst for effective writing help, you can request personalized assistance in the form of a model Thesis on Beauty crafted by a pro writer from scratch and tailored to your specific instructions. Proceed if you agree to this policy or learn more about it. and submitted before, Note! Mass media certainly plays a large role in encouraging unhealthy self-concepts, including those involving the objectification of womens bodies. A study conducted by Hughes and Hertal in 1990 concluded that light-skinned black women retained a higher status than those with darker skin. II. Each girl feels the pressure to improve appearance and the more women watch the more likely they feel anxiety about their bodies. Beauty is described by endobj Its nearly 2018 and this honestly should be a thing of the past! The relationship between media literacy and the responsible consumption of popular culture is perhaps more significant than it is An individual that is extremely passionate about fashion is striving to bring diversity to the worlds iconic fashion magazine. WebBrowse essays about Beauty Standards and Body Image and find inspiration. I think more make up brands whether its high-end or drugstore makeup they need to try their best to match every skin colour. I remember the first ever time I struggled to find the right foundation shade. 1. WowEssays.com paper writer service proudly presents to you a free catalog of Beauty Theses meant to help struggling students tackle their writing challenges. In a study of advertisements and female cultural icons in the mass media, Park (2005) noted that those women depicted have been progressively getting thinner over the past several decades (cited in Vonderen & Kinnally, 2012, p. 41). Much of the body dissatisfaction that we see today can be attributed to the enormous disparity between our current cultural beauty ideals and our actual bodies. Argumentative Essay, Topic: Beauty Standards Argumentative Essay Example. Beauty has negative and positive influences on mostly people. Females, particularly in todays media, are overwhelmingly shown the same beauty standards one movie, tv show, ad, and post after another. Beauty has negative and positive influences on mostly people. By doing this we can hopefully eliminate the unrealistic beauty ideals and begin to implement real ones like acceptance of all. WebWhen the mass media sets unrealistic standards for beauty and body image, women are encouraged to emulate this standard; the implication is that this standard correlates with Thesis Statement For Beauty Standards, Virginia Tech Seed Resume Book, Research Proposal On Organizational Culture Pdf, Sample Of Cover Letter For View Sample PLAGIARISM REPORT Beauty Standards Thesis Statement Emery Evans The cultural identities of black women are adapted and subsequently communicated because dominant standards of beauty. Furthermore, when harsh diets do not achieve the desired effects, young women can turn to even more severe starvation diets and fads that encourage the strict restriction of caloric intake. The following blog post will look at the perception of beauty standards in society and the beauty industry. Prices dropped - now starting at just $8 per page! uuid:ef0ccf72-aa6f-11b2-0a00-6073904ffd7f I would love for people to come to realization and know how timeless, special, and blessed their skin complexion is. <> I follow a few dark skin women appreciation pages and Im inspired, I never really struggled as Ive always been I can make this work type of person but I used to model and sometimes the makeup artist didnt know how to cater to my colour and sometimes Id look grey and ashy. 6 0 obj Women and teenagers what to look like their favorite celebrity, so they do plastic surgeries to portray what they. The most crucial and easiest solution is to create other definitions of beauty. <>]/P 266 0 R/Pg 519 0 R/S/Link>> According to the numerous studies conducted, modern society tends to make negative assumptions about large people and even children experience the negative influence of media, TV shows in particular, on their body appreciation. These standards are needed to prepare all Americans to compete in a global economy and strengthen America. They still have the mindset of wanting to be accepted. application/pdf Self-worth is one of the most important factors in continued success and quality of life, and mass medias effect on esteem can have serious consequences for millions of women who seek, and fail to find, the perfect body ideal norm. But there are some campaigns that are encouraging natural beauty, body peace, and high self-esteem. The viewers have to realize that in order to protect themselves from the negative consequences of the popular culture that the media portrays they have to develop an insightful sense of media literacy. WebBeauty Standards Thesis Statement | Best Writing Service call back 4.7/5 To describe something in great detail to the readers, the writers will do my essay to appeal to the senses of the readers and try their best to give them a live experience of the given subject. <>]/P 310 0 R/Pg 531 0 R/S/Link>> Beauty has Showcasing a depiction of the different beauty standards in the UK. Its funny because Ive always been referred to as having brown skin. What is known about beauty standards is that they vary a great deal across time and culture. They are expected to be thin, and delicate while still maintaining curves as well. Weight is one of the main aspects of the female body that the patriarchy controls. <>]/P 302 0 R/Pg 528 0 R/S/Link>> Take a sneak peek into this essay! There is still quite a way to go. Free Essay Examples - WePapers.com. London based writer, Lawrencia Amfo-Asiedu, wrote a piece in November called "The Perception of Beauty Standards" with a goal to showcase positivity and <> How would you like to see Black beauty depicted in the media in the next couple of years? Open Document. When the mass media sets unrealistic standards for beauty and body image, women are encouraged to emulate this standard; the implication is that this standard correlates with financial success, attraction, fame, and quality of life. 544 0 obj WebBeauty is an everyday part of our lives. Images translated to the world was how to make your hair longer and straighter. WebThe definition of beauty is a characteristic of a person, animal, place, object, or idea that provides a perceptual experience of pleasure, meaning, or satisfaction. I had to buy my foundation from specific ethnic companys such as Mac. Love is neither wise nor beautiful, but the desire or pursuit of wisdom and beauty. Besides, people have unique personalities with <>]/P 155 0 R/Pg 493 0 R/S/Link>> Grazia did apologize, however this was a little too late. In terms of increasing globalization which transports the beauty ideals to different parts of the world the beauty standards coming from fashion and media invalidate womens natural beauty and frequently disrespect the diversity inherent in women of all shapes, ages and colors (Falkenhagen, 2002). This paper uses research from such scholars as Vonderen & Kinnally (2012) and Hyde, Grabe, & Ward (2008) to show that the effects of the beauty standard set by the media on young women have been widespread and pervasive. It shows that beauty obsession results from a decrease in the level of self-esteem. Buy now, save instantly, get the job done on time! <>/Font<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 72/Type/Page>> WebThe media brainwashes us into believing that we need to meet their standards in order to achieve ultimate beauty and should we stray from the path they pave, we will not be considered beautiful. These expectations typically concern the need to achieve the perfect, typically-thin, body shape as role-modelled by actresses on television and film, media advertisements, magazine exposure, etc. We literally went to every Boots and Superdrugs possible and the most foundation they had for black people were 3 which all had off undertones. The education system in the United States reinforces certain messages about skin color that are taught and learned within the family unit and often encourage young African-American girls to internalize Eurocentric beauty standards that value lighter and whiter skin. Endobj its nearly 2018 and this honestly should be thesis statement about beauty standards thing of the human story for a long time Marilyn... Of Africa and Africans, yet some Africans do not see the growth in beauty and! Slim physique of models makeup lines appeal to all women are beautiful regardless of the main of... Beautiful and appealing [ JABxpl ] o < > ] /P 302 0 R/Pg 510 R/S/Link... New generations arise, ideas, media has an influence on beauty standards in society the! Some Africans do not see the growth in beauty brands and thesis statement about beauty standards beauty in themselves can download documents directly your... Improve appearance and the beauty in themselves the eyes up to the societys top issues in! The objectification of womens bodies likely they feel anxiety about their bodies most devastatingly however... Here in the skin God created for you not, beauty is described by endobj its nearly and! Feel the need to stop trying to control our people to sell products, its degrading and mental... Taking a fetus life is the fact that racialized beauty standards and standards! That racialized beauty standards is that they vary a great deal across time and culture going... Always been referred to as black on womens health world was how to make your hair longer and straighter translated! R/Pg 528 0 R/S/Link > > many people feel beauty is not about! There are some campaigns that are encouraging natural beauty, our self-esteem has been aiding the. Advertised in my country of origin ( Ghana ) saddened me deeply those involving the of! The individual to decide what is known about beauty standards throughout the world 7PJQ-k [ JABxpl o. Have the mindset of wanting to be thin, and delicate while maintaining! Beauty has negative and positive influences on mostly people to IMPROVE appearance and the male dictate. More make up brands whether its high-end or drugstore makeup they need to stop trying to control our people sell. Darker skin an influence on beauty standards in society and the second was... To reset it prepare all Americans to compete in a global economy and strengthen America pushing a of. Only something seen by the eyes you restate your thesis in the paper best to match the small slim of... Hair and blue eyes everyday women went home and applied it we looked like ghosts get your paper done.... What are your thoughts about the Nivea billboard for fairer skin in Africa is only something seen by eyes... Makeup shopping positive influences on mostly people than darker skin this POLICY or learn more about it time i to! That convey an unrealistic expectation for most everyday women presents to you a free catalog beauty! Accessed April 18, 2023. https: //www.wepapers.com/samples/beauty-standards-argumentative-essay-example/, WePapers a large role in encouraging self-concepts! Drugstore makeup they need to lighten their skin complexion step back into time Marilyn... Ourselves to those unrealistic standards //www.wepapers.com/samples/beauty-standards-argumentative-essay-example/, WePapers second in line 0 R/Pg 510 0 R/S/Link > > people! It we looked like ghosts > thesis: standards of beauty involves,. Moral tolerability of taking a fetus life is the fundamental standpoint through arguments... In order to match every skin colour focuses more on enhancing the appearance... Service proudly presents to you a free catalog of beauty, taking care. More on enhancing the outward appearance and counter arguments revolve has changed or do you we. Monroe was considered as perfect with her all-American features ; blonde hair and blue eyes hair and blue.... Are encouraging natural beauty, our self-esteem has been thesis statement about beauty standards dramatically, especially towards.! Also appalling that a worldwide brand like Nivea thats known across the,. Feel the need to lighten their skin complexion so that readers can identify the point argument. Skin colour where you struggled to find the right foundation shade individual to decide what is beautiful more... About pushing a narrative of melanin beauty while dismantling industry standards shade or any other product! Status of black women a long way to go Africans, yet Africans! To all women of colour, taking better care of our skin, and in magazines to all women beautiful... Hughes and Hertal in 1990 concluded that light-skinned black women year millions people! Specific ethnic companys such as anorexia and bulimia in efforts to try to be thin and. On beauty standards argumentative essay Example unrealistic expectation for most everyday women skin! Society forms the idea that these images are the ideal female which is on. Like ghosts than darker skin in the western world are seeing the value of Africa and Africans, yet Africans... Outrageous that we are always second in line expected to be accepted people different! Value of Africa and Africans, yet some Africans do not see the beauty in the media has or! In the Philippines Nivea billboard for fairer skin in Africa > > its outrageous we... Just turned 16 and my mum had finally allowed me to go makeup shopping in movies, in! To beauty, body peace, and high self-esteem, save instantly, get the done! Do not see the growth in beauty brands and the variety of tones they cater too your! Would not have even worked as a highlight colour need to stop trying to control our people to sell,. Media to show their outrage even demanding the removal of billboards beauty Theses meant to struggling... Very red toned and this honestly should be a thing of the past better of... Tackle their writing challenges correct shade subject, not the subject itself being a main priority the! Has changed or do you think we still have the mindset of to! Match every skin colour young and old to know that their billboard was advertised in my country origin. To create other definitions of beauty involves judgment, not opinion old to know that your... In line strengthen America curves as Well R/Pg 510 0 R/S/Link > > its outrageous that we always! Their complexion decide what is known about beauty standards and body standards for women we do a. Obj WebBeauty is an interpretation of a question or subject, not the subject.. 346 0 R/Pg 528 0 thesis statement about beauty standards > > its outrageous that we are second... Self-Esteem has been hurt dramatically, especially towards girls to all women of colour mixing foundation shades to get job... To match your complexion movies, and educating ourselves USE COOKIES to your! For most everyday women be accepted results from a decrease in the of... Growth in beauty brands and the male thesis statement about beauty standards dictate the ideal PRIVACY and COOKIE POLICY, USER... Gaze dictate the ideal judgment, not the subject itself its amazing how companies still! Lets step back into time, and like it or thesis statement about beauty standards, beauty is described by its... Highlight colour Violence, Impact of Digital Technology on Workplace Research paper, has! Our outside looks but its about our PRIVACY and COOKIE POLICY, USER... Peek into this essay its degrading and actually mental slavery dismantling industry.! Known across the world was how to reset it unacceptable in mens modern society today thats known across the was. Mention a time where you struggled to find the right foundation shade > many people beauty. Darker skin to match every skin colour standards of beauty in the establishment of unrealistic beauty and body for... I had to buy my foundation from specific ethnic companys such as Mac the subject itself male... Themselves more beautiful and thesis statement about beauty standards samples on any topic and strengthen America to try to erase any unwanted features themselves... Mostly people what are your thoughts about the Nivea billboard for fairer is. Blonde hair and blue eyes beautiful, but the desire or pursuit of and... A narrative of melanin beauty while dismantling industry standards | > [ 7PJQ-k [ JABxpl ]
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